LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

Chap* Copyright ^\>. 

SheliLM-^.^ 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



TOPICS AND REFERENCES 



American History 



WITH NUMEROUS 



SEARCH QUESTIONS 



/. 



BY 



OKOROE A. \Villiam:s, Ph.D. 

INSTRUCTOR IN BROWN UNIVERSITY 



REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION 




K 



% 



,«1'' 



SYRACUSE, K. T. 

C. W. BARDEEN, PUBLISHER 

1897 



Copyright, 1886, 1897, by C. W. Bardeen 



i<' 



INTRODUCTION 

The preparation of a new edition of this book 
gives opportunity for thorough revision and expan- 
sion. Ten years ago it was a pioneer in its field. 
During the intervening time there has been aroused 
a new interest in American history, due, in part, to 
the completion of the first century under the Con- 
stitution, and to the rounding out of four centuries 
since the coming of Columbus. The topical method 
with much supplementary reading is recognized as 
the best by progressive teachers. To aid in this 
work all more recent text-books give bibliographies 
more or less extensive, and thus the way is opened 
for a wider knowledge than any one text-book will 
give. Some notes here as to the facilities for the 
best work may not be amiss. 

Text-books. — The best book for class use will be, 
as said in the first edition, brief, accurate, and inter- 
esting in style. Higginson, Scudder, Eggleston, 
Johnston, Fiske, Thomas, Mowry, — one will not go 
wrong in placing any and all of these in the hands 
of his class. Each gives some points of value not 
given, or but slightly emphasized, in the others. 
For reference several of the best text-books should 
be accessible to the class. 

(i) 



11 TOPICS AND REFERENCES 

Maps and Historical Geography. — Where and 
when are often quite as important in the study of 
history as who and why. Good maps are a prime 
necessity. The maps in Hart's Epochs of American 
History (published separately as the Epoch Maps), 
and MacCoun's Historical Geography of the United 
States, with his series of progressive charts, are 
especially good. D. C. Heath & Co., issue small 
outline maps to be filled in by the student as the 
work goes on, and their use is to be strongly recom- 
mended. The text-books also contain many good 
maps, though with some inaccuracies. 

The Reference Library. — A small number of 
books is quite indispensable ; a larger number is a 
great advantage. Lists of the best are given in most 
recent text-books. The two series, " Epochs of 
American History ", and " The American History 
Series ", will be found very useful, and the bibli- 
ographies are a key to a wide range of authorities. 
Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of America 
is a vast and rich store-house, and its bibliographies 
are exhaustive. Fiske's works in American History 
can hardly be dispensed with. Bryant and Gay's 
Popular History of the United States (to 1876), 
McMaster's History of the People of the United 
States, Parkman's France and England in America, 
are all of great value and written in a very inter- 
esting style. But it would be too long a task to 
mention all valuable and helpful books for reference. 



INTRODUCTION 111 

Many of them are found among the " references " 
in the body of this book. For his own use the 
teacher will find Hall's Methods of Teaching His- 
tory, Hinsdale's How to Study and Teach History, 
Gordy and Twitchell's Pathfinder in American 
History, and Channing and Hart's Guide to the 
Study of American History, full of helpful sug- 
gestion. 

Sources. — The latest word in history study is 
" back to the sources ". If Bradford and John 
Smith, Winthrop and Washington, be allowed to 
tell their own story, we gain a vividness and reality 
that can come in no other way. The " Old South 
Leaflets" and the "American History Leaflets" 
make many important narratives and documents 
easily accessible. Every school should have full 
sets of these, and, with careful and judicious guid- 
ance by the teacher, the student will be greatly 
interested and immensely profited by the study of 
these often " quaint and curious " but always valu- 
able records. It will not be objected that this 
method is unscientific, for it is akin to that insisted 
upon by the teacher of chemistry and physics, who 
puts the materials into his student's hands, and 
shows him how to perform his own experiments, 
draw his own inferences, and formulate his own 
principles. The results themselves are not new nor 
valuable, but the process is in the best sense educa- 
tional. The work is "original work" only in a 



IV TOPICS AND REFERENCES 

modified sense, but it gives the right stimukis to 
thought, and arouses interest. A dip into local 
history may be found practicable. Every one 
should know something of the history of his own 
town and his own State. Even the history of the- 
school district, — when it w^as organized, when the 
schoolhouse was built and repaired, what studies 
were pursued and what text-books were in vogue, 
what controversies have sprung up,— is in the right 
line of work. 

Use of this Book. — This book will be found 
most valuable if each member of the class is sup- 
plied with a copy. The blank pages give oppor- 
tunity for brief notes and further references, and 
thus the book grows in value as it is used. Public 
and individual libraries should be drawn upon for 
whatever they contain that will help. The library 
authorities should be made acQ^uainted with the 
need of special books, and will gladly co-operate 
with teachers in providing the facilities for work. 
It is hoped that this book will be judged by the 
purpose that has guided in its preparation. It is 
not intended as an exhaustive bibliography of 
United States history, but as a book of texts, and of 
references to a large body of valuable material 
scattered through our periodical literature and 
largely neglected by other books, as well as to some 
of the best and most available books. Many of the 
magazines and periodicals will be found in the 



INTRODUCTION V 

libraries and in the hands of individuals. I have 
endeavored to give references to both sides of de- 
bated questions, and have often preferred accounts 
nearly contemporary with the events. 

A few words of explanation should be given as to 
some references in abridged form. Most will lead 
to no mistake, but the following may be noted. 
(A. C.) in parenthesis refers to the " American 
Commonwealths " series ; (A. S.) to the " American 
Statesmen " series ; A. H. A. to the publications of 
the American Historical Association ; (G. C.) to the 
the '^ Great Commanders " series ; (M. A.) to the 
'' Makers of America " series ; J. H. U. to the Johns 
Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Poli- 
tical Science. (S) refers to '• sources ", but is not 
used when the reference is clear without it. Mag. 
indicates the Magazine of American History. An- 
drews refers to that author's History of the United 
States in four volumes illustrated (it is also pub- 
lished in two volumes). Bancroft indicates that 
author's last revision of his History of the United 
States ; Bryant is Bryant and Gay's Popular History 
of the United States ; Hakluyt refers to the volumes 
and pages of Goldsmid's edition of Hakluyt's Voy- 
ages of the English to America ; Higginson to his 
Larger History of the United States (to 1837), first 
published in Harper's Magazine, and included 
among the references to that magazine ; Hildreth 
refers to his History of the United States ; Lalor's 



VI TOPICS AND BEFERENCES 

Cyc. is the well-known Cyclopaedia of Political 
Science, Political Economy, and United States His- 
tory ; McMaster indicates the History of the People 
of the United States ; Preston, Documents Illustra- 
tive of American History ; Rhodes, the History of 
the United States after the Compromise of 1850 ; 
Schouler, the History of the United States under the 
Constitution ; Sparks, the Library of American 
Biography ; Winsor, the Narrative and Critical 
History of America. For the earlier years Scribner 
refers to Scribner's Monthly Magazine ; for later 
years to the new Scribner's Magazine. Poole's 
Index will give many additional references. 

When a book is referred to by its full title in the 
" General References for the Period " or in the " gen- 
eral references " at the head of a set of topics, it is 
quoted only by the author's name under a special 
topic lower down. 

The author would be glad to receive notice of 
any errors in this book. Though great care has 
been used to secure accuracy, he cannot hope that, 
with such a multitude of references, errors have 
been wholly avoided. This revision has been made 
largely in the library of Brown University, and at 
the Providence Public Library. The latter, as is 
well-known, is especially rich in works on American 
History. My thanks are due to the librarians and 
their assistants at both of these libraries for help in 
the work of revision. 

Providence, March 22, 1897. 



CONTENTS 

Page 

Introduction iii 

Prehistoric Period 10 

Period of Search. 14 

The Great Discovery 14 

Spain in the New World 16 

French discoveries and settlements 18 

The English in America 20 

Period of Beginnings 24 

Virginia and Maryland 24 

Massachusetts 26 

The rest of New England 32 

New York and New Jersey 34 

Delaware and Pennsylvania 38 

The southern colonies 40 

France and England in America 42 

Old colony times 46 

Period of Revolution 52 

Causes of the Revolution 52 

1775 56 

1776 58 

1777 62 

1778-9 64 

1780-83 68 

Period of Weakness 74 

The confederation 74 

Period op Union 80 

Washington 80 

John Adams 84 

Jefferson. 88 

Madison 90 

(vii) 



Vlll TOPICS AND REFERENCES 

Page 

Period of Union — concluded 

Monroe 96 

John Quincy Adams 98 

Jackson 100 

Van Buren 104 

W. H. Harrison and Tyler 108 

Polk .• 110 

Taylor and Fillmore 114 

Pierce 116 

Period of Disunion 120 

Buchanan 120 

Lincoln, 1861 124 

1862 128 

1863 '...130 

1864 134 

1865 136 

Period of Reunion 142 

Johnson 142 

Grant 144 

Hayes 148 

Garfield and Arthur 152 

Cleveland (1) 154 

Benjamin Harrison 156 

Cleveland (2) 162 

McKinley 168 

Reviews 178 



TOPICS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 



Topics in American History 



I. PREHISTORIC PERIOD 

1. The ''Mound Builders". 

a. Where are the mounds ? 

/>. Their forms and uses. 

c. AVhat they teach of their builders. 

Refeke^ces. — Foster, Prehistoric Races of the United States ; 
Nadaillac, Prehistoric America ; Lubbock, Prehistoric Times, 
eh. 8 ; Reports of United States Bureau of Ethnology : The 
First Americans, Harper, Aug., 1882; Fiske, Discovery of 
America, I, ch. 1 ; Winsor, I, ch. 6 ; The Serpent Mound of 
Ohio, Century, April. 1890; also Mag., May, July, 1888; 
Forum, Jan., 1890. 

2. The American Indians. 

a. Chief families and tribes and their early 

location. 

b. Indian character and mode of life. 

c. Religion and legends. 

d. The Pueblo Indians. 

e. The present and future of the Indian. 

/. Relation to the mound builders. 

liEFEiiENCES. — Parkmau, Jesuits in North America, Introd ; 
Indians of North America, Johnson's Cyc. ; Report Bureau 
of Ethnology 1880-1 (Iroquois Myths), 1883-4 (Cherokees 
(10) 



12 PREHISTORIC : THE NORSEMEN 

and Semiuoles) ; Yawger. The Indian and the Pioneer, 
Syracuse, 1893 ; Roberts, New York (A. C), ch. 9, 10 (Six 
Nations) ; Drake, Making of New England ; Brooks, Story of 
the Ameiican Indian ; Onr Barbarian Brethren, Harper, May, 
1870; Forum. May, 1893; Jackson, Ramona, and Century 
of Dishonor; Longfellow, Hiawatha; Whittier, Bridal of 
Penacook. On Zunis see Century, Aug., Dec, 1882, Feb. 
May. , 1883 ; Proctor, Song of the Ancient People ; The Father 
of the Pueblos, Harper, June, 1882. 

3. The Norsemen in America. 
a. Who were they ? 
h. Their voyages and discoveries. 

c. The story of Vinland. 

d. Importance of these facts. 

References. — Fiske, Discovery of America, I, ch. 1 ; Winsor, I, 
59-76; The Visit of the Vikings, Harper, Sept., 1882 ; An- 
derson, America not discovered by Columbus ; Old South 
Leaflets, No. 31; American History Leaflets, No. 3 ; Hig- 
ginson, American Explorers; also Mag., Mar., 1888, May, 
1892 ; Whittier, Norsemen ; Longfellow, Skeleton in Armor. 

Search questions. — Axe. there mounds in New England or New 
York ? Are there any near your home ? Where do you find 
the story of Norse discovery ? What important part have 
the Norse people played in European history ? How were 
the Vikings represented at the World's Fair ? What is the 
true story of the Old Mill at Newport ? Was the Dighton 
Rock inscription made by Norsemen ? 



II. THE PERIOD OF 8EARCH 

Oenbral references for the period. — Bryant I. 1-267 . 
Bancroft, I. 7-83 ; Hildreth, I, 35-98 ; Andrews, I, 37-113 ; 
Higginson, Larger History, 53-136; and especially Fiske, 
Discovery of America. Higoinson, American Explorers, 
gives many original narratives. 

The Great Discovery 

1. Geographical knowledge in the 15th century. 
Fiske, Discovery of America, ch. 3-5. 

2. Condition of Europe. 

a . The po we r of the c 1 1 ii r c h . 

b. The great kingdoms. 

c. Importance of Spain. 

d. The revival of learning. 

e. The invention of printing. 

f. The desire for discovery. 



9- 



The aids to naviffatioi 



to' 



Fisher. Universal History, 363-31)5 ; Seebohn, Protestant 
Revolution, Pt. 1. and maps. 

3. Commerce and tradf in tho middle ages. 

Fiske, 1, ch. 3. 

4. The Portuguese sailors, — Da Oama, ('abral, 

Magellan. 

Major, Prince Henry the Navagator, ch. 30 ; Magellau, 
Harper, Aug., 1890; Fiske, I. ch. 4; H, pp. 96-100, 
184, 311. 

(14) 



If) SEARCH : THE PART OF SPAIN 

5. Columbus and his four voyages. 

Fiske, I, ch. 5, 6 : Wiusor, Columbus; Adams, Columbus 
(M.A.); Old South Leaflets, Nos. 29, 33; American His- 
tory Leaflets, No. 1 ; Castelar's Columbus in Century, 
May to Oct., 1892; Harper. Dec, 1881, April, Oct., 1892. 

6. America's name. 

Fiske, II, 23 fl'.; Winsor, 11, ch. 2; Scribner, June, 1876. 

7. Discoveries of the Cabots. 

Fiske, II, 1-18 ; Winsor, III, ( h. 1 ; Hakluyt, I, 25-34 ; 

Old South Leaflets, No. 37 ; American History Leaflets 

No. 9; Cabot's Landfall, Mag., Oct., 1891 ; Old English 

Seamen, Harper, Jan., 1883, 

Seakch questions. — Where are the ashes of Columbus ? Of 

what republic was the discoverer of North America a native ? 

Who first called this continent America? How long after 

Columbus's time did it become clear that a "new world" 

had been discovered ? Who circumnavigated Africa before 

Da Gama ? 

Spain in the New "World 
General kefehences. — Drake, Making of the Great West, 
1-65 ; The Spanish Discoveries, Harper, Oct., 1882 ; Spanish 
and French Explorers. Harper, Feb., 1882. 
1-4. Wiusor, II, chap. 4. 

1. Discovery of Florida, — De Leon. 
Mag., Feb., 1887. 

2. The Pacific,— Balboa. 
Harper, March, 1859. 

3. The Mississippi, — De Soto. 
Hakluyt, II, 537-016. 

4. The first settlement, — Menendez. 
Parkman, Pioneers of France, ch. 7-9, 

5. Explorations in the south-west. 



1 S SEARCH ; THE PART OF FRANCE 

Blackmar, Spanish Institutions iu tlie south-west (J. H. U.. 
extra vol., 10); Old South Leaflets, No. 30; American 
History Leaflets, No. 13 ; A. H. A., 1894, 83-93. Ladd, 
Story of New Mexico, ch. 3-6 ; Bandelier The Gilded 
Man. 

6. Conquests of Mexico and Peru. 

Fiske, II, ch. 8, 10 : Winsor, ch, 6, 8 ; Prescott. Conquest 
of Mexico and Peru ; Wallace, The Fair CJod. 

7. Extent of Spain's possessions. 

Labberton, New Historical Atlas, plates 58-9 ; Epoch 
Maps, No. 2. 
8KA.RCH QUESTIONS. — How did Po{>e Alexander divide the new 
world ? What right had he to do this ? What later agree- 
ment between Spain and Portugal ? Was De Soto the first' 
white man who saw the Mississippi ? How shall we explain 
the presence of the Florida peninsula on maps before De 
Tjcon's time ? Who first sailed around the world ? 

French Discoveries and Settlements 

Gk.nerai. keferences.— Winsor, Cartier to Froutenac ; Drake, 
Making of the Great West ; Harper, March. 1883. 

1 . The voyage of Verazzano. 

Winsor. lY. ch. 1 ; Hakluyt, 11, 389-401 : Old South Leaf- 
lets, No. 17 : Mag., Feb., May, Aug., 1879. 

2. Cartier in the St. Lawrence. 

Winsor. lY, eh. 3 ; Hakluyt, II. 77-i5«. 
.'>. The settlement of Acadia. 

Winsor, lY, ch. 4. 

4, Champlain's discoveries and settlements. 

Winsor, lY, ch. 3 ; Roberts, New York (A. C). ch. 1 ; 
Parkman, Pioneers of France, 169-420 ; Drake, Making 
of New England. 40-48 : Mag.. March, 1886. 



20 sear(;h : the part of England 

5. The Huguenots in Carolina. 

a. Who were the Huguenots ? 

b. Ribaut, Laudonniere, De Gourgues. 

Parkman, Pioneers of France ; Baird, Huguenot Emigra- 
tion to America ; Winsor, II, ch. 4 ; Harper, March, 1860. 

6. Exploration of the Lakes and the Mississippi 

valley. 

a. Who were the Jesuits? 

b. Their chief explorations. 

c. La Salle, Joliet, Marquette. 

Winsor, IV, cli. 5 ; Parkman, Jesuits in North Americ;*, 
and Discovery of the Great West ; Hinsdale, Old North- 
west, ch. 8, 4. Also on La Salle see Mag., May, 1882 ;- 
Catherwood, Story of Tonty. On Marquette, Old South 
Leaflets, No. 40, 

7. Extent of the French possessions. 

Epoch 3Iaps. Xos. 2. o, 4. 

Search QUESTIONS. — What was the effect of Champlain's figlit 
with the Iroquois near Lake Champlain ? What casts dou))t 
on the discoveries of Verazzano ? Why were the Indians 
generally friendly to the French ? Who was the founder 
of the Jesuits V What was the policy of the French in colon- 
izing America ? What had church fasts to do with the new 
world fisheries ? 

The English in America in the Sixteenth) 
Century 

Gbnerai. rbfekences — Old English Seamen, Harper, Jan., 
1888 ; The Elizabethan Sea Kings, Atlantic, July, 1895. 

1 . The early Enghsh explorers. 

a. Frobisher and the northwest passage. 

Winsor. III. ch. 8; Hakluvt. I, 74-212. 



22 SEARCH : THE PART OF ENGLAND 

h. Drake and New Albion. 
Winsor, III, ch. 2; Henty, Under Drake's Flag. 

c. Gilbert and his scheme of settlement. 
Winsor, III, pp. 105-8 ; Hakhiyt, T, 806-358. 

2. Raleigh and his plans. 

a. Lane's colony. 

b. White's colony. 

Winsor, III, ch. 4 ; Hakluyt, II, 173-388 ; Drake, Making 
of Virginia and the Middle Colonies, 1-29 ; An English 
Nation, Harper, April, 1883 ; The Beginning of a 
Nation, Century, Nov., 1882 ; Mag., Feb., 1891 ; Kings- 
ley, Westward Ho ; A. H. A., 1891, 441-480 ; New Eng- 
land Mag., Jan., 1895. 

3. Gosnold and Pring. 

Drake, Making of New England, 8-19. 

4. The two companies. 

Winsor, III, p. 127; Neill, Virginia Co. of London; At- 
lantic, Oct., 1892. 

0. Extent of the English claim. 

Labberton, New Historical Atlas, plate 59 ; Epoch Maps, 
Nos. 2, 3, 4. 
6. Summary of explorations and coDflicting 
claims. 

Search questions. — What Englishman first circumnavigated 
the globe ? Did Raleigh ever visit America ? Is there a 
northwest passage ? Who shortened the route to the new 
world ? In what way ? Who was Virginia Dare ? What 
was the policy of Englishmen in settling in America ? 



III. THE PERIOD OF BEGINNINGS 

General keferences for the period. — Bancroft, I-lII ; 
Hildreth, I, II ; Bryant, I-III ; Andrews. I ; Doyle, English 
Colonies in America ; Lodge, English Colonies in America ; 
Higginson, Larger History, 137-240; Thwaites, The Colo- 
nies ; Fisher, The Colonial Era ; Coffin, Old Times in the 
Colonies. For New England colonies see Prince Society 
publications. Aiany original documents for period from 1605 
to 1610 are given fully in Brown, Genesis of the United 
States. 

Virginia and Maryland 

General references. — On Virginia, Winsor, 111, ch. 5 ; Cooke, 
Virginia (A. C ) ; The Beginning of a Nation, Century, Nov., 
1883 ; Drake, iMaking of Virginia and the Middle Colonies ; 
Cooke, Stories of the Old Dominion ; Harper. Nov., 1882; 
American History Leaflets, No. 27. 

On Maryland, Browne, Maryland (A. C), and G. and C. 
Calvert (M. A.); Drake Making of Virginia and Middle 
Colonies; Harper, Feb., 1888 ; Century, Feb., 1890. 

1 . The London Conijxm y and the Virginia charter. 

Neil), Virginia Co. of London ; te.xt of charter. Pres- 
ton, 1-18. 

2. Character of the Viruiiiia settlers. 

Thwaites, the Colonies, pp. 09, 74, 70. 

:5. John Smith ; story of Pocahontas. 

Harper, Nov., 1860; Atlantic, Sept., 1895; Mag, April, 
IHft.') : Our Lady of the James. Cosmopolitan, Jan , 1898. 
(24) 



2() BEGINNINGS : MASSACHUSETTS 

L Sufferings of the colony ; the " Starving Time ", 

Atlantic, Dec, 1895. 
5. The first colonial assembly. 

Fisher, 32-3 ; Bryant, I, 306; A. H. A., 1893, 399-316. 

(). Introduction of slavery. 

Mag., Nov., 1891. 
7. Occupations of the colonists, — ^tobacco. 

Husbandry in Colonial Times, Century, Jan., 1884. 
s: Berkeley and Bacon's Rebellion. 

The First American Rebel, Mag., Jan., 1887; Century, 
July, 1890 ; Goodwin, White Aprons. 

{►. Lord Baltimore's grant. 

Text of charter, Preston, 62-77. 

10. P]arly religious history of Maryland. 

Fisher, eh. 5. 

11. ('layborne. 

Bryant, II, 212 ff.; Mag., Aug., 1883; Kennedy, Rob of 
the Bowl. 

12. Mason and Dixon's line. 

Browne, Maryland (A. C); Latrobe, History of Mason and 
Dixon's line. 
Beauch QUESTroNs. — What casts doubt upon the story of Poca 
hontas ? What statesman claimed descent from Pocahontas ? 
What arc the chief writings of Smith ? Who were the 
"Knights of the Horseshoe" ? Why is Virginia called the 
"Old Dominion"? Was full religious liberty allowed in 
Maryland ? What were the charter limits of Virginia ? 
Massachusetts 
(tKNkhal hefeuences. — For concise statement of the reasons for 
the Massachusetts settlements, see Fiske, Beginnings of Ne^ 
England, ch. 1. 2. 



28 BEGiNNiNrxs: .massa(jhusp:tts 

Palfrey. History of New England ; Hale, Story of Massachu- 
setts ; Drake, Making of New I]ngland ; Thwaites, The col- 
onies, ch. 6-8 ; Twichell, John Winthrop (M. A.) ; Wendell, 
Cotton Mather (M. A.); Higginson, Francis Higginson (M. 
A.) ; Ellis, J*uritan Age and Rule ; Drake, Around the Hub ; 
Scudder, Boston Town ; Maypole of Merry Mount, Atlantic, 
May, June, 1877 ; Hawthorne, Grandfather's Chair, Pt. I ; 
Harper, Dec, 1882; Century, Jan., May, 1888. Also for 
sources, Morton's New England's Memorial ; American His- 
tory Leaflets, Nos. 25, 29. 

1. Exploratiou of New England. 

Thwaites, The Colonies, }). 41 ; Smith's Generall Historie 
Bk. 6 (S). 

2. The Pilgrims and their wanderings. 

Old South Leaflets, No. 48 ; Hemans, Landing of the 
Pilgrims. 

3. The settlement of Plymouth. 

Winsor, III, ch. 8 ; Bancroft, I, ch. 8 ; Plymouth before 
the Pilgrims, Mag., Dec, 1882; New England Mag,, Sept., 
1889 ; Harper, Dec, 1853 ; Austin, A Nameless Nobleman, 
Standish of Standish, Dr. LeBaron and his Daughters, Betty 
Alden. 

4. The plan of government. 

The Mayflower Compact, Preston, 29-31. 

5. The Puritans. 

Winsor, IH, ch. 7 ; Greene, Short History of the English 
People, ch. 8, sec. 1. 

6. Settlements on Massachusetts Bay. 

Fiske, Beginnings of New England, ch. 3 ; Sedgwick, Hope 
Leslie. 

7. The company and the charter. 

Text of charter, Preston, 36-61 ; Old South Leaflets, No. 7. 



30 beginnings: Massachusetts 

s. Religious affairs, 

a. Roger Williams. 

Bancroft, I, 285-302 ; Dexter, As to Roger Williama ; 
Straus, Roger Williams. 

b. Aline Hutchinson. 

Bancroft, 306-810 ; Fiske, 117-120. 

c. The Quakers. 

Fiske, 179-192 ; Hallowell, Quaker Invasion of Massachu- 
setts ; Wliittier, The Exiles, The King's Missive, Cassan- 
dra South wick : Lee, Naomi. 

9. The New England Confederation. 

Frothinghani, Rise of the Republic, 1-71 ; Bancroft, I, 
338-343; Fiske, ch. 4; Harper, Oct., 1882; text of- 
articles, Preston, 85-95. 

10. King Philip's war. 

Fiske, ch. o ; Old South Leaflets, No. 21 ; Century, Sept., 
1883 ; Church, King Philip's War (S) ; Hubbard, Indian 
Wars in the Colonies (S). 

1 1 . Eliot, the apostle to the Indians. 

Sparks, John Eliot ; Fiske, 202, 208 ; Old South Leaflets, 
No. 21. 

12. Salem Witchcraft. 

Bryant, II, 450-471 ; LTpham. Witchcraft ; Fowler, Salem 
Witchcraft (S) ; Holland, The Bay Path; Whittier, The 
Changeling ; Longfellow, Giles Corey ; Wilkins, Giles 
Corey, Yeoman; Hawthorne. Young Goodman Brown, 
in " Mosses". 

Skakch quESTioN.s. — Who was the founder of the Quakers ? 
Who named New England ? How many came in the May- 
flower ? What is theje.vact date of the landing of the Pil- 
grims ? What was the difference between Pilgrims and Pur- 
itans ? How do you ac.<-<>u!it for the name Plymouth on 



32 beginnings: new England 

maps before 1620? Were the Puritans justifiable in their 
treatment of those who differed from them in religious 
belief? Were the Quakers justifiable for " testifying " so 
persistently at Boston ? 

The Rest of New England 

General references. — Fiske Beginnings of New England ; 
Palfrey, History of New England ; Drake, Making of New 
England ; Century, Jan., 1883 ; Harper, Dec, 1882 ; An Old 
Town ^\ith a History, Century, Sept., 1882. 

On New Hampshire, Winsor, HI, 321-330 ; Belknap, 
History of New Hampshire. 

On Connecticut, Johnston, Connecticut (A. C.) ; Trumbull, 
History of Connecticut ; Walker, Thomas Hooker (M. A.) ; 
Fundamental Orders of Conn., in Preston, 78-84, Old South 
Leaflets, No. <s. 

On Rhode Island, Winsor, III, 335-9; Arnold, History of 
Rhode Island ; Greene, Short History ; Rider, Historical 
Tracts. 

1. Early attempts at settlement in Maine. 

Drake. 20-39. 

2. Grants to (lorges and Mason. 

Winsor, III, 321-6. 

3. Settlement of New Hampshire. 

Winsor, III, 326-30. 

4. Claims of Massachusetts. 

Bancroft, I, 347-9. 

5. Grant of Connecticut. 
Fisher, Colonial Era, 131. 

6. The Dutch claim. 

Fisher, 126, 179, 185. 

7. The two Connecticut colonies. 

Fisher, 126-131. 



34 beginnings: new york, new jersey 
S. The Pequot war. 

Hubbard. Indiati wars (S) ; Johnston, ch. 5 ; Drake, 
203-210 

9. The Connecticut Charter. 
, Text in Preston, 96-109. 

10. The settlement of Rhode Island. 

Charter in Preston, 110-129 ; Newport, Historical and 
Social, Harper, Aug., 1854; Mag., May, 1883. 

1 1 . Religious liberty. 
Straus, Roger Williams. 

12. New England a royal province, — Andros. 

Fiske, ch. 6; Andros Tracts (S) ; New England Mag., 
March, 1896. 
Search questions. — What other nation claimed Maine ? Where 
did the Pequots live ? Upon what did the Dutch base their 
claim to a part of New England V How far west did the 
claim of New Hampshire extend ? How long did the Rhode 
Island charter remain in force ? How far west did the Con- 
necticut claim extend ? To what serious trouble did this 
give rise ? What was the " Western Reserve " ? 

New York and New Jersey 

GejsERAl KEFEiiENCES.— Drake, Making of Virginia and the 
Middle Colonies. On New York, Winsor, III, ch. 10 ; IV, 
ch. 8 ; V, ch. >i ; Roberts. New York (A C.) ; Brooks, Story 
of New York ; Hendrick, Brief History of New^ York ; Evo- 
lution of New York, Harper, May, June, 1893 ; Old New- 
York Coffee Houses, Harper, March, 1883; Harper, Sept., 
1854. On government in early New York see articles in 
:\[ag., Jan.. May, Sept , 1882 ; March, 1887. 

On New Jersey, Winsor, III, ch. 11 ; J. PI. U , III, 435- 
460 ; Gordon, History of New Jersey ; Harper, May, 1888. 

1 . Hudson and his discoveries. 

Sparks. Hudson; Mag.. Sept., 1893. 



36 BK(iINNlN(;s : NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY 

2. Settlements at New Amsterdam and Fort 

Orange. 

The origin of New York, Mag., Oct., 1887; A Glimpse 
jit an 01(1 Dutch Town, Harper. March, 1881. 

3. Tlie " Patroons ". 

The Van Rensselaer ^[anor, Mag., Jan., 1884 ; Myers, The 
Young Patroon. 

4. The four Dutch governors. 

Irving, Knickerbocker's History of New York ; Tucker- 
man's StU3^vesant (M. A.) 

5. New Netherlands becomes New York. 

Fisher. 187-190. 

<>. New York under English rule. 

a. Extent of territory. 

Epoch maps. No. 3, 

b. The government, — Leisler. 

Roberts, ch. 1 ; Bynner, The Begum's Daughter ; Brooks, 
In Leisler's Times. 

7. The Negro Plot. 

Coffin, Old Times, ch. 30. 

s. The Jerseys. 

Fisher, ch. 10, 15. 

\K Early settlements. 

10. (Tovernment of the colony. 

Seauch t^UESTioxs.— What was the fate of Hudson ? Who was 
Jhe founder of the Dutch Republic ? How was it possible 
for those persecuted for religious opinion to find refuge in 
Holland ? Who were the " Walloons" ? Who was " Old 
Silver-leg " ? What was the " Dominion of New England " ? 
What has made New York the chief seaport of America ? 



38 THE PEKTOD OF BEGINMINGS 

Delaware and Pennsylvania 

General References. — Winsor, III, ch. 9 ; IV. ch. 9 ; Drake 
Making of Virginia and the Middle Colonies ; Fisher, Mak 
ing of Pennsylvania ; Carpenter, History of Pennsylvania 
Ferris, History of Original Settlements on the Delaware 
Early Quakers in England and Pennsylvania, Harper, Nov. 
1882 ; Old Time Life in a Quaker Town, Harper, Jan., 1881 
also Harper, May, 1888. 

1. New Sweden. 

Mag.. Nov., 1889. 

2. The Swedes and the Dutch. " 

Roberts, New York (A. C), ch. 7 ; Migrations of the Col- 
onists, Century, March, 1883. 

3. A¥illiam Penn and his grant. 

Mag., Oct., 1882; Browne, Maryland (A. C.) ; Grave of 
Penn, Harper, Dec, 1881. Charter in Preston, 130-145. 

4. Penn's treaty with the Indians. 

Bancroft, I, 567-8. 

5. Government of tiie province. 

Bryant, III, ch. 8 

6. The "Pennsylvania Dutch ". 

Fisher, ch. 4, especially p. 118. 

Search questions. — What led the Swedes to colonize America ? 
How came Penn to have a claim against the king ? What 
was the '' Great Law " ? How did Penn's descendants give 
up their ownership ? Compare Pennsylvania, Maryland, and 
Rhode Island as to the degree of religious liberty enjoyed in 
each. How came the northern boundary of Delaware to be 
the arc of a circle ? How was the southern boundary of 
Pennsylvania fixed ? The northern boundary ? The west- 
ern boundary ? What was the dispute between Pennsyl- 
vania and Connecticut as to territorv ? 



40 THE PKHIOI) OF BKGINN'INGS 

The Southern Colonies 

General keference.s. — ^lai-ylaiul and the Far South in the 
Colonial Period, Harper, Feb., 1888. 

On the Carolinas, Winsor, V, ch. 5 ; Harper, Dec, 1882; 
Up the Ashley and Cooper, Harper, Dec, 1875 ; Williamson, 
History of North Carolina ; Simms, History of South Caro- 
lina. On Georgia, Winsor, V, ch. 6 ; Georgia, the Only Free 
Colony, Mag., Oct., 1889 ; Jones, History of Georgia ; Ogle- 
thorpe and Georgia, Mag., Feb., 1883. Bruce's Oglethorpe 
(M. A.) 

1. The Carolina grant. 
Bancroft, I, 408. 

2. The two colonies. 
Bancroft, I, ch. 7,8. 

3. Character of the settlers. 

4. The government, — the " Grand Model ". 
Lodge, Short History of the Colonies, p. 136. 

5. The two royal provinces. 

6. Oglethorpe and his plan. 

Sparks, Oglethorpe ; Charter in Preston, 148-169. 

7. The colonists of Georgia. 
Harper, Aug., 1892 ; Bryant, HI, ch. 6. 

8. Whitefield and the Wesley s. 
Bancroft, II, 287-9. 

9. War with the Spaniards of Florida. 

Bancroft, II, 292-8. 

10. Settlement of the thirteen colonies, with dates. 

11. The names of the different colonies, — origin 

and meaning. 



40 TPrK I'KMIOI) OF BKGINNINGS 

The Southern Colonies 

General referenck.s.— iMaryland and ilie Far South in the 
Colonial Period, Harper, Feb., 1888. 

On the Carolinas, Winsor, V, ch. 5 ; Harper, Dec, 1882; 
Up the Ashley and Cooper, Harper, Dec, 1875 ; Williamson, 
Historj'- of North Carolina ; Sinims, History of South Caro- 
lina. On Georgia, Winsor, V, ch. 6 ; Georgia, the Only Free 
Colony, :Mag., Oct., 1889 ; Jones, History of Georgia ; Ogle- 
thorpe and Georgia, Mag., Feb., 1883. Bruce's Oijlethorpe 
(M. A.) 

1. The Caroliua grant. 

Bancroft. I, 408. 

2. The two colonies. 
Bancroft, I. ch. 7,8. 

3. Character of the settlers. 

4. The government,-— the " Grand Model ". 
Lodge, Short History of the Colonies, p. 136. 

5. The two royal provinces. 

6. Oglethorpe and his plan. 

Sparks, Oglethorpe ; Charter in Preston, 148-169. 

7. The colonists of Georgia. 
Harper, Aug., 1892 ; Bryant, HI, ch. 6. 

8. Whitefield and the Weslej^s. 

Bancroft, 11, 287-9. 

9. War with the Spaniards of Florida. 
Bancroft, U, 292-8. 

10. Settlement of the thirteen colonies, with dates. 

11. The names of the different colonies, — origin 

and meaning. 



42 BEGINNINGS ! FRANCE AND ENGLAND 

Seakch questions. — Why were the Ashley and Cooper rivers 
so named ? What earlier settlements had been attempted in 
Carolina ? From what sources did the Carolinas derive their 
settlers ? What were the western limits of these colonies ? 
What differences in the industries of the colonies were due 
to the physical features of the country ? What differences in 
the social life ? In character of the population ? Why did 
slavery die out in the north and become more firmly fixed in 
the south ? What three crops tended to fix slavery in the 
south ? Why ? Why was variety of industries character- 
istic of the north rather than of the south ? 

France and England in America 

General references. — Parkmau, Froutenac and New France, 
The Old Regime in Canada, A Half -Century of Conflict, and 
Montcalm and Wolfe ; Sloane, The French War and the 
Revolution, eh. 1-9 ; Winsor, V, especially ch. 8 ; Thwaites, 
The Colonies, ch. 13 ; Hart, Formation of the Union, ch. 2 ; 
Bryant, III, 254-389 ; Bancroft, II, 319 to end ; The Hun- 
dred Years' War, Harper, June, 1883 ; Overthrow of the 
French Power, Harper, June, 1882 ; New York Colonial 
Privateers, Harper, Feb., 1895; articles in Atlantic. Nov., 
1884, March, 1885. On Washington at this time see Mag., 
Sept., 1885, Jan., 1886, and Scudder, Life of Washington 
(first published in " St. Nicholas" for 1886). 

1. Country held and claimed by each party. 

Epoch Maps, Nos 3 and 4 ; IMacCouu, Historical Geogra- 
phy of the United States. 

2. Relations of each with the Indians. 
Thwaites, 246-250. 

3. King William's war. 

a. Frontenac's plan. 

b. Indian massacres. 

c. Attempt on Canada. 

d. Treaty of Ryswick. 



44 BEGINNINGS : FRANCE AND ENGLAND 

4. Queen Anne's war. 
Whittier, Pentucket. 

a. Conquest of Nova Scotia. 
h. Treaty of Utrecht. 

5. King George's war. 

a. Growth of French settlement. 
h. First capture of Louisburg. 

c. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. 

6. The decisive struggle. 

Johnson, Old French War ; Cooper, Last of the Mohicans ; 
Parker, Seats of the Mighty, in Atlantic, 1895-96. 

a. The situation in 1753. 

h. The points of attack. 

('. Braddock's campaign. 

Mag., Nov., 1880, April, 1887; Cooke, Virginia (A. C), 
344-B54. 

d. The story of Acadia. 

Harper. Nov., 1882 ; Longfellow, Evangeline ; Winsor, 
Y, eh. 7. 

e. Second capture of Louisburg. 

Drake, Taking of Louisburg ; Hall, Twice Taken ; Byn- 
ner, Agnes Bvu-riage. 

/. Wolfe at Quebec. 

Henty, With Wolfe in Canada. 

g. Peace of Paris and its provisions. 

7. Pontiac's war. 

Ellis, Indian wars, ch. 8-14 ; Parkman, Conspiracy of 
Pontiac : Harper, INIarch, Oct., 18C1. 



48 BEGINNINGS ! OLD COLONY TIMES 

Irving, Wolfert's Roost, Rip Van Winkle, and Knicker- 
bocker ; BaiT, A Bow of Orange Ribbon ; Janvier, In Old 
New York. 

On the Southern Colonies, Fredericksburg, First and Last, 
Mag , March, 1887 ; Old Yorktown, Scribner, Oct., 1881 ; Old 
Maryland Manners, Scribner, Jan. , 1879 ; Old Maryland 
Homes and Ways, Century, Dec, 1894, Feb., 1896 ; Cooke, 
Virginia Comedians ; Thackeray, The Virginians. 

1. Contrast between the north and the south. 

a. In the character and ideas of the people. 

b. In occupations and productions. 

c. In the laboring classes. 

d. In the physical features of the country. 

2. Forms of government. 

Town and county government in the colonies, J. H U., 
II, 10 ; Popular government in Virginia, Mag., June, 
1888; Fiske, Civil Government, ch. 6, sec. 1. 

a. The charter. 

h. The royal province. 

c. Proprietary. 

d. Democracy. 

3. The Town Meeting. 

Fiske, A.merican Political Ideas, I, and Civil Government, 
ch.» 2; Johnston, Connecticut (A. C.) ; Levermore, 
Republic of New Haven ; Sam Adams, the Man of the 
Town Meeting, J. H. U., II, 4. 

4. Religious affairs. 

Century, April, 1887, May, 1888 : A Tory Parson, Atlan- 
tic, April, 1887 ; Puritanism in New York, Mag., Jan., 
1885; A Puritan Indeed, Harper, Oct., 1885; Earie, 
Sabbath in Puritan New England. 

5. Education — early colleges. 



50 BEGINNINGS I OLD COLONY TIMES 

Boone, Education in the U. S. ; Harvard, in Drake, 214-6 ; 
Yale, in Johnston, Connecticnt (A C); William and 
Mary, in Scribner, Nov., 1875. 

6. Literature and newspapers. 

Stedman and Hutchinson, Library of American Literature ; 
Pre -Revolutionary Editors, Mag , Jan., 1887. 

7. Slavery and indented servants. 

Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, I ; Slavery in 
New York, Mag., May, 1884 ; New York Slave Traders, 
Harper, Jan., 1895 ; White Servitude in Virginia, J. 

H. u., xm. 

8. The chief towns. 

Boston, Winsor, Memorial History ; New York, Lamb, 
History of New York City ; Philadelphia, Harper, 
April, May, 1876 ; Baltimore, Lodge, p. 119 ; Charleston, 
Lodge, 183-4. 

9. Nationalites. 

Consult Lodge, and see Scotch in America, Mag. , March* 
1880, March, 1883, Jan., 1892. 

10. Industries. 

Husbandry in Colony Times, Century, Jan., 1884 ; First 
Ironworks in America, Mag., Nov., 1889 ; Commerce 
in the Colonies, Century, June, 1884. 

11. Social and home life. 

The Colonists at Home, Century, Oct., 1884, April, July, 
1885 ; Some Colonial Women. Cosmopolitan, April, 1894 ; 
Earle, Colonial Dames and Good Wives, Customs and 
Fashions in Old New England, and Costume of Colonial 
Times. 
Search questions. — Where in the colonies did the Scotch-Irish 
settle ? Germans ? French ? Welsh ? What is the origin 
of the southern "poor whites" ? What was the chief pro- 
duct of Virginia ? of South Carolina ? Where was iron pro- 
duced ? silk ? indigo ? What was the first newspaper pub- 
lished in the colonies ? 



IV. THE PERIOD OF REVOLUTION 

GENERATi REFERENCES FOR THE PERIOD. — Fislvc, the Ameri- 
can Revolution; Winsor, VI and V^II, eh 1, and Readers. 
Handbook of the American Revolution ; Sloane, The French 
War and the Revolution, ch. 10-39 ; Bancroft, III, IV, V ; 
Hildreth, III ; Andrews, II, 19-161 ; Bryant, III, ch. 15 to 
IV. ch. 4 ; Cotlin, The Boys of 1876 ; New York in the Revo- 
lution, Scribner, Jan., Feb., 1876. (The references to the 
Atlantic have been retained, though the articles are largely 
in Fiske's American Revolution. In many cases the double 
reference may prove convenient.) 

Causes of the Revolution 

General references. — Lodge, English Colonies, ch. 2o; 
Sloane, ch. 10-14; Fiske, 1. ch. 1, 2, 8; Winsor. VI, ch. 1, 
8 ; !5eginnings of the American Revolution, Atlantic, March. 
1888 ; England's struggle with the Colonies, Mag., Aug , 
1889; The British Yoke. Harper, Aug., 1888; Arlington 
House, Harper, Sept., 1858; "Declaration of Rights" in 
1765 and 1774, Preston, 188-205. 

1. British ignorance of tlie colonics. 

2. The Navigation acts. 

American History Leaflets, No. 19. 

3. The writs of assistance. 

Sloane, 124-5. 

4. Taxation and the reasons for it. 

a. The stamp act and its repeal. 

American History Leaflets, No. 21 ; Atlantic, April, 1888; 
The Stamp Act in New York, Mag., June, 1877. 
(53) 



54 THE E evolution: causes 

b. The tea tax and '• Tea Party ". 
New England Mag., June, 1893. 

0. The Stamp act congress. 
Harper, Dec, 1862. 

6. Unjust laws. 
Harper, Dec, 1851. 

a. Mutiny act, — " Boston Massacre ". 
Boston Mobs, Atlantic, Sept. , 1888. 
h. Boston Port Bill. 

c. Massachusetts Bill. 

d. Transportation Bill. 

e. Quebec Act. 

A. H. A. 1894, 273-279. 

7. Burning of the Gaspee. 

Palfrey's New England, 510-4 ; Fiske, I, 76-7. 

8. Tryon and the Regulators in Carolina. 
A. H. A., 1894, 141-212. 

9. The First Continental Congress. 

10. The men of the hour. 

a. James Otis. 
Hosmer's Sam. Adams (A. S.) ; Tudor's Otis. 

h. Patrick Henry. 
Tyler's Henry (A. S.) ; Wirt's Henry. 

c. Benjamin Franklin. 

Morse's Franklin (A. S.); Franklin's Autobiography; 
Atlantic, Sept, 1887; McMaster's Franklin; Hale, 
Stories of Invention, 97-118, 



56 THE REVOLUTION .* 1775 

d. John and Samuel Adams. 

Morse's J. Adams (A. S.) ; Hosmer's S. Adams (A. S.) ; 
The Father of the Revolution, Harper, July, 1876. 

11. On the eve of war. 

a, Parhament and the king. 

King George's Personal Policy, Mag., June, 1892. 

h. Acts of colonial legislatures. 

c. Whigs and Tories. 

Search questions. — What is the origin and meaning of Whig 
and Tory? What was the English public debt in 1763? 
How had it been incurred ? Was it just that the colonies 
should pay a part ? What fitness is there in erecting a mon- 
ument in Boston to Attucks ? What English statesmen 
strongly opposed the legislation against the colonies ? What 
was the effect of the Navigation acts upon colonial man- 
ufactures ? To what extent were these acts enforced ? Was 
it right for the colonies to evade these laws? Is "smug- 
gling" justifiable in our own day ? 

The Revolution,— 1 775 

General references. — The Eve of Independence, Atlantic, 
Nov., 1888; The First Year of the Continental Congress, 
Atlantic. Sept., 1888: Paul Revere, Mag., Jan. 1886; Haw- 
thorne, Septimius Felton. 

1. Preparations for resistance. 

a. The provincial congress of Massachusetts. 
Fiske, I, p. 109. 

h. Committees of Correspondence. 
Fiske, I, 79-80. 

c. The Minute Men. 

d. Gathering of supplies. 

2. Lexington and Concord. 



58 THE REVOLUTION : 1776 

Harper, May, 1875 ; Longfellow, Paul Revere's Ride ; 
Holmes, Lexington. 

3. Ticonderoga and Crown Point. 

Sparks, Ethan Allen ; Hall, Ethan Allen. 

4. Bunker Hill. 

Harper, July, 1886 ; Echoes of Bunker Hill, Harper, July, 
1875 ; Sparks, Warren. 

5. The second Continental Congress. 
Fiske, I, ch. 3 ; Mag.. July, 1888. 

a. Last appeal to the king. 

b. Washington commander-in-chief. 

c. Supplies and men voted. 

6. Washington and the army. 

Fiske, I, ch. 4 ; Washington as a Strategist, North Amer- 
ican, Oct , 1881. 

7. Expedition to Canada. 

Mag., April, 1884, Feb., 1885; Sparks, Montgomery; 
Arnold's Arnold, ch. 3-5. 

8. The Hessian mercenaries. 

Lowell, The Hessians and the Revolution. 
Search questions. — Is Bunker Hill monument on Bunker Hill ? 
What was Arnold's route to Canada ? What were the pur- 
poses of this expedition ? Why did not Canada side with 
the other colonies ? How had Washington shown special 
fitness for military command ? What had been his previous 
experience ? To what extent did the English enlist the 
Indians in their service ? 

The Revolution,— 1776 

General references. — Virginia in the Revolution, Harper, 
June, 1876; The Virginia Declaration, Mag., May, 1884; 
The Mecklenburg Declarations, North American, April, 1874; 
and Mag., Jan., March, 1889; Independence Hall, Harper 



60 TIIK REVOLUTION : 1776 

July, 1867 ; The Fallacy of 1776, Mag.. May, 1885 ; Trum- 
bull, McFingal ; Wintlirop, Edwiu Brothertoft. 

1. The colonies become states. 

Frothinghain, Rise of the Republic, ch. 11, 12 ; Fiske, 
Civil Governmeut, 161-6. In case of New York, see 
Mag., April, 1887, Jan., 1879. 

2. Siege and Evacuation of Boston. 
Atlantic, April, 1876, 

3. Declaration of Independence. 

Morse, John Adams (A S.) ch. 5 ; Mag., Sept., Dec, 1888 ; 
Harper, July, 1892 ; The Story of the Signing, Scribner. 
July, 1876; The Signers, Harper, July, Aug., 1873 ; The 
Writer of the Declaration, Harper, July, 1876 ; Mag., 
Dec, 1893. • 

4. The loss of New York. 
Atlantic, Jan., 1889. 

a. Plans for the defence. 

b. Battles of Long Island and White Plains. 

c. Washington's reteat. 

5. Trenton and Princeton. 
Fiske. I. 229-235. 

6. Winter of 1776-7. 
Fiske, I, 242 ff. 

7. Appeal to France. 

8. The Confederation proposed. 

American History Leaflets, Nos. 20, 28 ; Preston, 218-231. 
1). Foreign volunteers. 
10. Nathan Hale. 

Harper, June, 1880; Losslng. The Two Spies. 



'b2 THE KEVOLUTIOX: 1777 

Search questions. — When was the Declaration of ludepeud- 
ence signed? To what extent had Engkud cut off "trade 
with all parts of the world"? In what cases had the king 
'' taken nwny our charters "' ? When had he "plundered our 
seas"? When had he "burnt our towns"? (It would be 
very profitable to go through the Declaration and find in- 
stances to' prove the truth of the several charges therein 
made against the king.) AVhere is the original draft of the 
Declaration now kept ? Why did France naturally favor 
America ? What did Frederick the Great think of the gen- 
eralship of Washington ? 

The Revolution,— 1777 

^General references. — Mohawk valley during the Revolution, 
Harper, July, 1877 ; Frederic, In the Valley ; Brush, Paul 
and Persis; Thompson, the Rangers ; also articles in Mag., 
Aug., 1884, Oct., Nov., 1885. On Oriskany and Saratoga 
see "Centennial Celebrations of New York", 78-97. 153-6. 

1. The loss of Philadelphia. 
Atlantic, May, 1889. 

a. Howe's plan for the capture. 

b. Brandywine and Germantown. 

c. Forts Mifflin and Mercer. 

d. The wanderings of Congress. 

2. Burgoyne's invasion. 

Drake, Burgoyne's Invasion ; Atlantic. March, 1889 ; Har- 
per, Oct., 1877, 

a. The plan. 

b. Ticonderoga. 

c. Bennington. 

Harper, Sept., 1877 ; Sparks, John Stark; New England 
Mag., Aug., 1891. 

d. St. Leger's expedition, — Oriskany. 
Mag., Nov.. 1877. Jan., 1878 ; Stone, Life of Brant. 



64 THE KEVOLUTION : 1778-9 

e. Saratoga. 
Atlantic, May, 1889 ; Creasy, Fifteen Decisive Battles. 
/. The surrender and the prisoners. 
g. Effects of this success. 

3. Situation at the end of 1777. 

4. Winter at Valley Forge, — Steuben. 

Mag., Feb., 1882; Steuben, Mag., March, 1882; Greene, 
German Element, 13-87. 

5. The American Flag. 
Mag., July, 1877. 

6. The public finances. 

Bolles, Financial History, 1774-1789. 

Search quESTiONS. — What was Thos. Paine's influence in the 
revolution ? What is the " Cradle of Liberty" ? In what 
places did Congress sit during the revolution ? What powers 
did Congress possess ? Compare this with the powers exer- 
cised by the American Congress now. What was St. Leger's 
route to Fort Schuyler ? Why was Schuyler deprived of 
command ? Who won the battle of Saratoga ? Who was 
the " Hero of Saratoga" ? Where were the Stars and Stripes 
first hoisted? What w^as the " Rattlesnake Flag"? The 
"Pine Tree Flag" ? What do the stars and the stripes in 
our present flag respectively represent ? 

The Revolution,— 1778-9 

1. Treaty with France, — Franklin. 

Atlantic, Sept., 1887, Aug., 1889; Mag., July, 1879; Our 
French Allies, Harper, April, 1871 ; Hale, Franklin in 
France ; Franklin's Place in Science, Harper, July, 1880. 

2. Evacuation of Philadelphia. 

3. Monmouth, — Charles Lee. 
Harper, June, 1878; Atlantic, Oct., 1889. 



•m 



QQ THE REVOLUTION : 1778-9 

4. Massacres at Wyoming and Cherry Valley. 

Romance of Wyoming, Harper, Aug., 1858; Campbell, 
Gertrude of Wyoming ; Ellis, Indian wars, chap. 19, 
" Cherry Valley " in " Centennial Celebrations of New 
York", p. 359ff. 

5. American attack on Newport. 

Mag., July, 1879; Atlantic, Oct., 1889; Newport in the 
Revolution, New England Mag., Sept., 1894. 

6. Loss of Savannah. 
Fiske, II, 166-175. 

7. The Conway Cabal. 
Atlantic, Aug., 1889. 

8. War transferred to the South. 

9. Attack on Savannah, — Pulaski. 
Sparks, Pulaski ; Longfellow, Pulaski's Banner. 

10. Wayne at Stony Point. 
Harper, July, 1879; Mag., Feb., 1886. 

11. Sullivan and the Six Nations. 

Mag., June, 1880, Aug., 1888; "Sullivan's Indian Expe- 
dition", (S.) (published by the State of New York). 

12. George Rogers Clark's expedition. 

Harper, May, June, 1861 ; Cooke, Virginia (A. C), p. 449 
ff ; Virginia's Conquest, Mag., Nov., 1886. 

13. Winter at Morristown. 
Harper, Feb., 1859. 

14. The Navy, — John Paul Jones. 

Maclay, History of the Navy, I, 34-151 ; Winsor, VI, ch. 
7 ; Abbot, Blue Jackets of 1876 ; Sheffield, Privateersmen 
of Newport ; Coggeshall, American Privateers ; At- 
lantic, Dec, 1887; Century, April, 1895; John Paul 



68 TIIK KKVOIAITJON : 1780-83 

Jones, lliirpcr, .Inly, ISTm ; C'()Oi)t'r, Tlu; I^ilot ;ind liecl 
Hover. 

Skaucii liUicsTioNs — How came Newi^ort to bein British hands ? 
Wlial special imi)ortauce attaches to Chirke'sconquest ? What 
are letters of marque ? By whom are they legally issued ? 
What is the. distinction between i>rivateering and piracy? 
Who was called the " llannil)al of the West" T What three 
distinct phuis had been tried by the British in their attempts 
to subdue America ? What facts show that selfishness and 
intrigue were ji« common and powerful in Washington's 
time as in ours ? Was the spirit as evident in our Civil War 
as iu the Revolution ? Whnt are your reasons for your 
answer ? 

The Revolution,— 1780-83 

General uepeiiencks. — On the war in the south see Atlantic, 
Sept., Dec, 1890. Connecticut in the Revolution, Johnston, 
Connecticut (A. C,), ch. 16. Excellent outline of the war, in 
Lodge, English Colonies, ch. 24. 

1. The Loss of Charleston. 
Fiske, II, 178. 

2. Battle of Camden,— DeKalb. 

Mag., Oct, 1880; on DcKalb see Greene. (Jernian Ele- 
ment, 91-167. 

3. The partisans, — Marion, Sumter, Pickens. 

Marlon, Harper, July, 1858; Simms, The Partisan. 

4. Battle of King's Mountain. 

Gilmore, The Rear-Guard of the Revolution ; Kennedy's 
Horse Shoe Robinson. 

5. Arnold and his treason. 

Harper, Nov., 1861; Atlantic, Oct., 1890; Mag., March, 
1880 ; Arnold's Arnold ; Lossing, The Two Spies. 

6. Greene in command at the south. 

(ireene's Greene (G. C). 



70 THE REVOLUTION I 1780-83 

7. Cowpens, — Tarleton. 
Fiske, 11, 253-5. 

8. Greene's masterly retreat. 

9. Guilford and Eutaw Springs. 
Fiske, II, 257-268. 

10. Arnold in Virginia. 

11. The Yorktown campaign. 

Mag., Jan., July, 1880, Jan., July, Oct., Nov.. 1881 ; Har- 
per, Aug , 1881 ; Whittier, Yorktown ; Paulding's Old 
Continental. 

a. The French Allies. 

b. Washington's strategy. 

c. The siege and the surrender. 

12. The Treaty of Paris and its provisions. 

Winsor, VII, ch. 2 ; Fiske, Critical Period, ch. 1 ; Morse's 
John Adams (A. S.), ch. 9; Harper. April. May. 1883; 
Mag., Nov., 1888 ; Text, Preston, 233-239. 

13. The finances, — Robert Morris. 

Continental Money, Harper, March, 1863 ; Atlantic, Nov., 
1864, Nov , 1890. On Morris see Stevens' Gallatin 
(A. S.), 177-9. 

14. The Tories after the war. 

Winsor, VII, 185-214 ; McMaster, I, ch. 2 ; New England 
Mag , May, 1891 ; Ogden, A Loyal Little Redcoat. 

15. Extent of territory in 1783. 

Epoch Maps, Nos. 5, 6 ; MacCoun. Historical Geography 
of the United States. 



72 THE REVOLUTION : 1780-83 

Search questions. — What battles did Washington win ? Why 
did Greene's defeats have the effect of victories ? Why did 
the French allies give no real aid till the Yorktown cam- 
paign ? Why was the treaty of peace so long delayed after 
the war was practically over ? What became of the traitor 
Arnold ? What other prominent Americans were traitors to 
the American cause ? Who, next to Washington, is regarded 
as the greatest general of the Revolution ? AVhat did the 
English government do for the loyalists after the Revolution ? 



V. THE PERIOD OF WEAKNESS 

General references for the period. — Fiske, Critical Period 
of American History (published in substance first in Atlantic, 
for 1886-7, as referred to below) ; Hart, Formation of the 
Union, ch. 5 ; Winsor, VII, ch. 3-5 ; McMaster, I ; Walker, 
The Making of the Nation, ch. 1-4 ; Schouler, I, ch. 1 ; Hil- 
dreth, III ; Bancroft, VI ; Bryant, IV, ch. 4 ; Andrews, II, 
162-193 ; Fiske, American Political Ideas, II ; The Birth of 
a Nation, Harper, Jan., 1884; The Fallacy of 1787, Mag., 
Oct., 1885 ; Framers of the Constitution, Mag., April, 1885 ; 
Beginnings of American Nationality, J H. U., VIII ; Froth- 
ingham, Rise of the Republic, ch. 12. 

The Confederation 

1. Weakness of the government, 
Atlantic, March, May, 1886. 

2. The Army at the close of the war. 
Atlantic, May, 1886. 

o. The currency and credit. 
Atlantic, July, Sept., 1886. 

4. Taxation, — Shays' Rebelhon. 

Atlantic, Sept., 1886; Harper, April, 1862. 

5. The AnnapoHs Convention. 
Atlantic, Nov., 1886. 

(3. The Philadelphia Convention and its work. 

Atlantic, Feb, June, 1887; Century, Sept., 1887; New 
Princeton, Sept., 1887; Mag., Aug., 1887; text in Old South 
Leaflets, No. 1, American History Leaflets. No. 8, and in 
many school histories. 

(74) 



U^ weakness: the confederation 

7. Adoptiou of the Constitution and rise of parties. 

Beginnings of Parties, Scribner, Jan , 1895 ; Federal and 
Anti-Federal. Mag., Jan., 1890; Georgia and the Constitu- 
tion, Mag., June, 1889 : Johnston, Connecticut (A. C). ch. 
17 ; other articles on adoption in particular states in Mag., 
Dec, 1885, Feb., April, June, August, 1886, March, 1891. 

<S. Hamilton and " The Federalist ". 

Walker, 54-5. 

9. The three departments of government. 

Fiske, Civil Government, ch. 8 ; The Supreme Court, 
Century, 1883. 

10. The Ordinance of 1787. 

Wilson. Slave Power. I, ch. 3 ; Kings Ohio (A C), ch. 7 ;. 
North American, April, 1876 ; Mag., 1886 ; Hinsdale, The 
Old Northwest, ch. 15 : Roosevelt. Winning of the 
West. ch. 6 ; Land Question in the United States, J. H. 
U., IV. Text of ordinance in Preston,- 240-350 and Old 
South Leaflets, No 18. 

11. Boundaries and land cessions. 

Johnston, Connecticut (A. C), ch. 15; Hinsdale, ch 10-14, 
16: Atlantic. Nov,, 1886; Land Question in the United 
States, J. H. U , IV and IH. 1-54: Documents in 
Amerii-an History Leaflets, No 22. 

12. Condition of the country in 1789. 

McMaster, I. ch. 1 ; Coffin, Building the Nation, ch. 6, 7 ; 
Weeden. Economic and Social History of New England : 
for New York, Mag., April, 1893; for Connecticut, 
Johnston, ch. 18; for Virginia. Mag., Feb . 1892. 

a. Occupations. 

I). Communication between States. 
Between Albany and Buffalo, 3Iag.. April, May. 1888. 
c. The principal cities. 



78 WEAKNESS : THE CONFEDERATIOX 

d. Literature and newspapers. 

Stedman and Hiitcbinsoii, Library of American Literature ; 
^^otable Editors, Mag., Feb., 1887; First Newspaper 
west of tbe Alleganies, Mag., Aug., 1887 ; Zenger's 
Case, Roberts, New York (A. C), ch. 17. 

€. Education and religion. 

Boone, Education in the United States, Part II ; iVmerican 
Chapter in Church History, Mag., Oct., Nov., 1887; 
Church-going in New York in 1787, Mag., April, 1888. 

f. Crime and its punishment. 

The Newgate of Connecticut, ^Mag.. April, 1886 ; Tread, 
millin America, Mag., Dec, 1887. 

g. Social and home life. 

Search questions.— Which colonies were bounded on the west 
by the Mississippi ? How did the western claims originate ? 
What M-as the full claim of Yirgiuia ? What other States 
claimed part of the same territory ? What had the land 
question to do with the ratification of the articles of confed- 
eration ? What with the adoption of the constitution ? What 
is said about slavery in the ordinance of 1787 ? What about 
education ? What influence has this ordinance had upon 
later history of the northwest ? What influence upon the 
whole country ? Compare the Articles of Confederation and 
the Constitution as to questions of taxation, 
^noney, treaty-making, general legislative power, etc. 



VI. THE PERIOD OF UNION 

General references for the period. — 3Ii\Mastt>r. II-V : 
Sohoulor. History of the Vnited States : Hart. Formation of 
the Union (to 1820) : Wilson. Division and Reunion (18'^V>- 
1889); Walker, flaking of the Nation; Cotlin. Building the 
Nation ; Bryant. IV, eh. 5-16 : Hildreth, Second series ; 
.Johnston. History of American Politics ; Stauwood, History 
of Presidential Elections ; Bolles. Financial History of the 
U. S. : Taussig. Tariff History ; Von Hoist, Constitutional 
History ; Lalor. Cyclopedia of Polijical Science, etc. 

Washington 

General references.— On Washington see Irving's and Scud- 
der's Lives. Ford's The Keal (rcorge AVashington, and Lodge's 
Washington (A. S.) : also articles in Harper, March. 1883. 
July. Sept.. 181H>: Century. April. 1889. May. 1890, Feb., 
April. 1893: Mag.. Feb.. 1889; Home of Washington. Cen- 
tury. Nov.. 1887 : Our Country's Cradle. Harper. Feb.. 1884 ; 
Society in Early Days of the Republic. Mag . Feb . 1898 ; 
Early Disunionists. Harper, >lay. 1803 ; Private -lournal of 
Wni. Maclay (first congress). 

1. Tho tir^t inauguration. 

Harper. April. 1889- Mag.. Dec. 1888: :\[c>[aster. With 
the Fathers. 150-181 : Washington's Inaugurals. Old 
South Leartets, No. 10. 

'2. The tirst cabinet. 

Walker. 93-4. 
;^, Hamilton's financial plans. 

Lodge's Hamilton (A. S.); Sumner's llamilttni {}>[. A.V 

a. Assumption of debts. 

(80) 



J UNION : WASHINGTON, 1789-97 

h. The United States Bank. 
c. The revenue. 

4. Location of the national capital. 

Harper, Jan., 1870 ; Mag., Jan., 1884. 

5. Indian war in the northwest. 

Ellis, Indian Wars, cli. 22; Roosevelt, IV, ch. 1, 2 and 
App.; Mag., May, 1887. 

6. The Whiskey Rebellion. 

Stevens's Gallatin (A. S.), pp. 4.5-57 and ch. 4 ; Harper, 
Feb., 1862; Mag., Oct., 1884. 

7. Jay's Treaty and the Treaty with Spain. 

Pellew's Jay (A. S.) ; Winsor, VII, ch. 7. 

8. Sympathy with France, — Genet. 
Roosevelt, Winning of the West, IV, ch, 4. 

9. Invention of the cotton gin. 

New England Mag., May, Oct., 1890; Hale, Stories of 
Invention, 219-236. 

10. Constitutional amendments. 
McMaster, With the Fathers, 182-221. 

11. New States. 

a. The Vermont quarrel. 

Robinson's Vermont (A. C.) ; Heaton's Story of Vermont ; 
The N. H. Grants, Mag., Jan., 1882 ; Ethan Allen, Har- 
per, Nov., 1858; Mag., Jan., 1887; Thompson, Green 
Mountain Boys, The Rangers, and Locke Amsden. 

b. Settlement and growth of Kentucky. 

Harper, Oct., 1859, Oct., 1862, June, 1887, June, 1892; 
Mag., Oct., 1887; Sparks, Boone; Shaler's Kentucky 
(A. C.) ; Connelly's Story of Kentucky. 



84 union: ADAMS, 1797-1801 

c. Early history of Tennessee. 

Mag., July, 1888; On the Outposts, Harper, Feb., 1884 ; 
Knoxsville in Olden Times, Harper, June. 1885. 

On Kentucky and Tennessee see Gilmore, Rear Guard of 
the Revolution, John Sevier, and Advance Guard of 
Western Civilization, and Roosevelt, I, II, III. 

12. Washington's "Farewell Address". 
Old South Leaflets, No 4. 

13. The first census. 
Walker, 108. 

14. The election of 1796. 

Search questions. — How many capitals has the United States^ 
had ? Was it best for the general government to assume 
the State debts ? What had this question to do with the 
location of the capital ? What essential differences between 
the American and the French revolutions ? What effect did 
Whitney's invention have upon our national history ? What 
was meant by " applying the beechen seal'" ? Would it be 
advisable to move the national capital to some more central 
location ? Was Hamiltous tariff protective or " for revenue 
only'? 

John Adams 

General references. — Mc^Master, II, ch. 10-12 ; Hildreth, 
Second Series, II ; Morses John Adams (A. S ) ; Familiar 
Letters of John and Abigail Adams ; Magruder's Marshall 
(A. S.); The early Presidents, Harper, March, 1884; 
Quiucy, Figures of the Past, 58-95 ; Walker, Making of the 
Nation, ch. 8. 

1. Federalists and Eepnblicans. 

2. Tronble with France. 



8() IN ION : ADAMS, 1707-1801 

a. The FroiU'h govormnent. 
/>. The X. Y. Z. mission. 

Magnider's Marshall, ch. 7. 

('. War with France. 

Maclay, History of the Navy. I. 155-21o ; Soawoll. Little 
Jarvis. 

(/. Treaty with Napoleon. 

3. The Alien and Sedition laws. 

American History Leaflets, No. 15 ; Preston, •277--.^8'2. 

4. The ^'irginia and Kentucky resolutions. 

Von Hoist, and Shaler's Kentneky (A. C ), App A. Text 
also in Preston. '283-09S. 

0. The new capital. 

Harper. Jati.. 1870. 

(>. Death and character of Washington. 

Morse's John Adams, 13*2-4; Stevens' Gallatin. 897; Fun- 
eral Oration in Old South Leatiets. No. 38. 

7. The election of 180\). 

O'Neil, American Electoral System, ch. 8 ; Stanwood. ch. 5. 

8. The second census. 

Walker. laO. 174. 

Search qukstioxs. — Were any persons prosecuted under the 
alien and sedition laws ? What w{\s at tirst the mode of 
electing the president ? What was the purpose of this plan 
of election ? Is the present plan a better one? What are 
the chief objections to the present plan ? Under what cir- 
cumstances was "Hail! Columbia" tirst sung? Why did 
Napoleon wish peace with the United States ? Upon what 
was the early division into ]>arties based ? When was the 
tirst patent granteil and upon what invention '! What became 



88 UNION : .IKFFEKSON, 1S01-1> 

of Genet after his recall ? Who called Washingtou the 
•'Expander of England " ? Has Raleigh's wish to plant an 
*' English nation " on the new continent been carried out by 
others ? 

Jefferson 

General References.— McMaster. II (ch. 13)-III (cli. 10) ; 
Hildreth. (Sec. Series) II ; H. Adams, History of the U. S.. 
I-IV ; Hart, Formation of the Union, ch. 9 ; Morse's Jeffer- 
son (A. S.) ; Schouler's JetTer^on(M. A.) ; Adams's Randolph 
(A. S.) : Stevens's Gallatin (A. S.) ; Wirt, British Spy ; The 
Early President*. Harper, March. 1884; Mrs. Stowe. The 
Minister's Wooing ; Harper. Aug.. 1871. May. 1883; Mag., 
April. 1885 ; Century. Sept.. 188T ; Walker, Making the 
Nation, rh. U, 10. 

1. War with 'I'ripoli. 

Maclay. History of the ^^a\y. '214-80*2. 

■J. 'The puivhaso o\' Louisiana. 

.Morses .lelVersou ; King's Lemoine ^M. A.) ; Thompsons 
Story of Louisiana ; Roosevelt, Winning of the West, 
IV, ch t> : Drake. Great West, 184-197 ; Cable in Cen- 
tury . Jan. 10 ,1 ul y , 1 883 . 

o. Hamilton and Burr. 

Atlantic. Jan., 1887 ; Mag., Nov. Dec. 1887. 

4. Napoleon's - Decrees" and British "Orders in 

Council ". 
Hart. 101-0. 

5. The Embargo. 
Hart. 10'2-8. 

(>. Abolition of the slave trade. 

Han. -237. 
7. The tirst steamboat. — Fulton. 



90 UNION : MADISON. 1809-17 

Hale, Stories of luvention ; Thurston's Fulton (M. A.) ; 
Sparks, Fulton, and Fitch ; Century, Aug , 1881. 

8. Lewis and Clark's expedition. 

Roosevelt, IV, ch. 7 : Old South Leaflets, No. 44. 

9. Burr's conspiracy. 

Magruder's Marshall, ch. 11 ; Roosevelt, IT, ch. 6 ; Har- 
per, June, 1863, Jan., 1892 : Bynner, Zachary Phips. 

10. The twelfth amendment. 
Walker, 168-9. 

11. Ohio admitted, — early history. 

King's Ohio (A. C.) ; Black's Story of Ohio ; Pioneers of 
Ohio, Atlantic, Oct , 1888 ; Earliest settlement, Harper, 
Sept., 1885; Marietta, Mag., Sept., 1888; also Mag., 
April, 1881, March. 1888. Constitution, etc., of Ohio, 
Old South Leaflets, Nos. 14, 40. 

12. Election of 1808. 

Search questions. — What colonies at first claimed Ohio ? Had 
the government any legal right to buy Louisiana ? Was it 
good policy ? What were the boundaries of the Louisana 
purchase ? What effect had Hamilton's death upon duel- 
ling ? What does the constitution say of the slave trade ? 
Who had moved boats by steam before Fulton's time ? Was 
the embargo gooii public policy ? What else could the 
United States have done ? Would war have been better ? 
Why ? 

Madison 

General references. — McMaster, HI-IY (ch.20-32) ; Wiusor, 
VII, ch. 6 ; Hildreth (Sec. Series), III ; Hart, Formation of 
the Union, ch. 10; Walker, Making of the Nation, ch. 11, 
12, 13 ; H. Adams, History of the United States, Y-IX ; 
Johnson, War of 1812 ; Roosevelt, Naval War of 1812 ; 
Maclay, History of the Navy, I ; Abbot. Blue Jackets of 
1812 : Series of articles in Harper, May, 1863 to Jan., 1865 ; 



92 UNION : MADISON, 1809-17 

Gay's Madison (A, S.) ; Schurz's Clay (A. S.) ; Harper, Jan., 
1862, April, 1884; Seawell, Midshipman Paulding ; Eggles- 
ton, Capt. Sam, Signal Boys, Big Brother. 

1. Causes of the second war of independence. 

Mag., May, 1893; Hart, 206. 

a. The right of search. 
h. Impressment of seamen. 

c. Blockade of our coast. 

d. The western forts. 

Mag., Sept., 1892 ; A. H. A., 1894, 413-444. 

e. Indian troubles. 

2. War with Tecumseh, — Tippecanoe. 
Ellis, Indian Wars, ch. 23, 24. 

5. Events of 1812. 

a. Declaration of war. 

b. Surrender of Detroit, 

Mag., May, 1892; Harper, May, 1863; Cooley's Michigan 
(A. C), ch. 9. 

c. Battle of Queenstown. 

d. War on the water. 

4. Events of 1813. 

a. Plan of campaign. 
h. Perry's victory. 
Maclay, I, 492-520 ; Roosevelt, 254-281. 

c. Battle of the Thames. 

d. Other naval battles. 

5. Events of 1814-5. 

a. Chippewa and Lundy's Lane. 
Scott in war of 1812, Harper, Sept., 1861. 



94 UNION : MADISON, 1809-17 

h. McDonough's victory. 
Roosevelt, 375-399. 

c. Campaign against Washington. 
Bladensburg, Mag., Nov., 1885, Jan., 1886. 

d. New Orleans. 

6. Treaty of Ghent, — Results of the war. 

Winsor, VII, ch. 7 ; Mag., Nov., 1888 ; Stevens' Gallatin, 
313-340. 

7. War with the Creeks. 

Ellis, Indian Wars, ch. 25 ; McMaster, IV, 158-172. 

8. The Hartford Convention. 

McMaster, IV, 215-252 : Harper, July, 1863. ' . 

9. War with Algiers. 
McMaster, IV, 351-6. 

10. New States, — Louisiana and Indiana. 

La., Mag., Sept., 1883; Ind., Dunn's Indiana (A. C.) ; 
Mag. , May, 1889 ; Eggleston, The Hoosier Schoolmaster, 
The Circuit Rider. 

11. The Colonization Society. 

Wilson, Slave Power, ch. 15 ; America in Africa, North 
American, July, Nov., 1877 ; McMaster, IV, 555-569. 

12. The tariff of 1816. 
McMaster, IV, 336 ff. 

13. The third census. 

14. The election of 1816. 

Search questions. — What were the two theories as to natural- 
ization of foreigners ? Why had some western forts been 
held by the British ? Was Hull a traitor at Detroit ? What 
was the comparative strength of the English and American 
navies in this war ? How are we to explain the superiority 



96 UNION : MONROE, 1817-25 

of the Americans ? What was the " Order of the Cincin- 
nati " ? What States were represented in the Hartford 
Convention ? Why did many slaveholders favor the colon- 
ization scheme ? Under what circumstances was " The Star 
Spangled Banner" Avritten ? What battle would have been 
prevented if there had been an x^tlantic cable in Madison's 
time ? What American city was first lighted by gas ? What 
navy may our government keep on the great lakes ? 

Monroe 

General references.— McMaster, IV, ch. 32-39 ; Hildreth 
(Sec. Series), III ; Sargent, Public Men and Events, ch. 1 ; 
The Era of Good Feeling, Harper, May, 1884 ; Monroe and 
the Rhea letter, Mag., Sept., 1883 ; Gilman's Monroe (A. S.); 
Hart, Formation of the Union, ch. 11 ; Morse's J. Q. Adams 
(A. S.); for life in Alrginia at this period see Kennedy's 
Swallow" Barn. 

1. The slavery question. 

2. The Missouri compromise. 

McMaster, IV, 570-601 ; A. H. A., 1893, 251-297. 

3. LaFayette's visit. 

3Iag., May, 1881, Sept., 1883, Dec, 1887 ; Quincy, Figures 
of the Past. 101-156. 

4. The Monroe Doctrine. 

American History Leaflets, ISTo. 4. 

5. War with the Seminoles. 

Ellis, Indian AYars. ch. 27. 

6. Cession of Florida. 

Mag., April, 1888; 3IcMaster, IV, 478-483. 

7. The Erie canal and national roads. 

Roberts, Is'ew York (A. C), ch. 30 ; Roosevelt, G. Morris 
(A. S.), 339-40 ; Scribner, Nov., 1877; The Old National 
Pike, Harper, Nov., 1879. 



98 UNION : J. Q. ADAMS. 182.5-*29 

8. New States, — Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, 

Maine, Missouri. 

Lowery & McCardle's ^Mississippi ; Edwards's Illinois ; 
Pickett" s Alabama ; Williamson's Maine ; Carr's Missouri 
(A. C ). 

9. The election of 1824. 
Stanwood, ch. 11. 

10. The fourth census. 

11. First transatlantic steamboat voyage. 

Harper, Feb., 1877. 
Search questions. — What important ottices had Monroe held 
before he became president ? To what nations had Florida 
successively belonged ? Who were the '' ^[aroons" ? What 
has been the effect of the Erie canal upon the growth of Xew 
York State? What was the "American System"? What 
party favored it? What party holds the same general pnn- 
ciple to-day ? From what original territory had the new 
States been formed? Why did national road-building so 
soon cease ? Who originated the ^Louroe Doctrine ? 

John Quincy Adams 

General references. — Morse's J. Q. Adams (A. S ), and the 
vols, on Jackson, Benton, Van Buren, Webster, and Clay in 
the same series ; Seward's J. Q. Adams ; Sargent, Public 
Men and Events, ch. 3 : Benton, Thirty Years' View ; Prick- 
ing an Historical Bubble, 3Iag., July, 1882 ; The Great West- 
ern March, Harper, June, 1S84 : America in 18'28, Mag.. 
April, 3Iay, 1888; Travelling in New York in 18--29, Mag., 
Oct., Nov.. 1888. 

1. Death of Adams and Jefferson. 
Webster's Eulogy. 

2. New parties and their principles. 

3. The tariff of abominations. 
Hart, 357-8. 



100 UNION : JACKSON, 1829-37 

4. First railroad in the United States. 
3Iag., June, 1891. 

5. Georgia and the Cherokees. 

Schouler, III, 477-480. 

6. Progress of temperance. 
Coffin, Building the Nation, '271-281. 

7. Election of 1828. 

Roosevelt's Benton (A. S.), ch. 4. 

Search questions. — What is the meaning and origin of the 
word "tariff" ? Who invented the locomotive ? Who was 
"The Mill Boy of the Slashes"? What prominent Amer- 
ican statesmen were of foreign birth ? By the constitution 
could any one of them have been made president ? 

Jackson 

General references. — Sumner's Jackson (A. S.) ; Parton's 
Jackson (G. C.) ; Old Hickory, Harper, July, 1884 ; Sargent, 
Public Men and Events, ch. 3, 4 ; Wilson, Division and 
Reunion, ch. 1-3; Mag., Feb., 1885; Harper, Jan., 1855, 
American Statesman series, — volumes on J. Q. Adams, Ben- 
ton, Cass, Clay, Webster, Calhoun, Van Bureu. Benton, 
Thirty Years' Yiew. 

1. Financial affairs. 

Lodge's Webster, ch. 7 ; Roosevelt's Benton, ch. 6, 7. 
0. The United States Bank. 

b. Removal of the deposits. 

c. The national debt. 

2. Calhoun and State sovereignty. 

Union. Secession, Abolition, Mag., Sept., 1887 ; Yon 
Hoist's Calhoun. 

3. Nullification. 



102 UNION : JACKSON, 1829-37 

Roosevelt's Benton, ch. 5 ; Harper, August, 1862 ; Text of 
ordinance, Preston, 299-303. 

a. The causes. 

b. Jackson's proclamation. 

c. The Webster-Hayne debate. 
Lodge's Webster, ch. 6. 

d. Clay's compromise. 
Schurz's Clay. 

4. Indian Wars, — Black Hawk, Seminole. 

Ellis, Indian Wars, ch. 28-32. 

5. Indian Territory established. 

Mag., June, 1883 ; An Unknown Nation, Harper, March, 

1888. 

6. The abolition movement, — Garrison. 

Century, Aug., 1885 ; Roosevelt's Benton, ch. 8 ; Atlantic, 
Jan., 1886; Connecticut in the Middle Ages, Century, 
Sept., 1885; Garrison's Garrison; Whittier, Voices of 
Freedom. 

7. Nat. Turner's insurrection. 

Atlantic, Aug., 1861; Mag., June, 1891; James, The Old 
Dominion. 

8. Beginning of the " Spoils System ". 
Roosevelt's Benton, ch. 4. 

9. The Anti-Masons, — first national convention. 

Roberts, New York (A. C), ch. 23; Sumner's Jackson, 
254-5. 

10. New States, — Arkansas, Michigan. 
Cooley's Michigan (A. C.) ; Mag., Dec, 1890. 

11. Improvements and inventions. 

a. Growth of the railroad system. 



104 UNION : VAN BUREN, 1837-41 

Schouler, lY, 125-131. 

h. The screw propeller. 
Screw propulsion, Atlantic, March, 1860. 

c. The reaper. 

d. Colt's revolver. 

e. Use of anthracite coal. 

12. The fifth census. 

13. Elections of 1832 and 1836. 

Search questions. — What was the " Kitchen Cabinet" ? What 
was the '•Albany Regency" ? In what State did the spoils 
system grow up? Who was called "Old Bullion" and 
why ? Who was three times defeated for president ? How 
many vice-presidents have resigned that office ? How far 
back can the nulification doctrine be traced in our history ? 
Is Van Hoist right in speaking of the "reign of Andrew 
Jackson ? " Why ? 

Van Buren 

General references. — Shepard's Van Buren and other 
"American Statesmen" as given under "Jackson". Sar- 
gent. Public Men and Events, ch. o ; Wilson, Division and 
Reunion, ch. 4. 

1. The financial panic of 1837. 

Roosevelt's Benton, ch. 9 ; Schouler. IV, 276 ff. 324 ff. 

a. The causes. 

b. '' Wild-cat " banking. 

c. Legislation of Congress. 

d. The Sub-Treasury bill. 

€. Repudiation of State debts. 

2. The Canadian rebellion, — affair of the '' Caro- 

line ". 
Roberts, New York (A. C), 590 ff. 



106 UNION : VAN BUREN, 1887-41 

3. The slavery agitation. 

Goodell, Slavery and Anti-Slavery. 

a. Riots, — Lovejoy, Wendell Phillips. 
New England Magazine, May, 1891. 

h. The right of petition, — J. Q. Adams. 
Morse's J. Q. Adams. 

4. The rise of the Mormons. 

Coffin, Building the Nation, ch. 32 ; Harper, April, 1853. 

5. The northeast boundary dispute. 
Schouler, IV, 316-9. 

6. Improvements. 

a. Vulcanized rubber. 
Charles Goodyear, North American, July, 1865. 

h. The first express company. 

An American Enterprise, Harper, August, 1875. 

c. Friction matches. 

7. The sixth census. 

8. The election of 1840. 

Search questions. — What English sovereign was crowned the 
year Van Buren became president ? When was Bunker Hill 
monument begun and completed ? What was the " Under- 
ground Railroad " ? What State first abolished slavery within 
its limits ? What other States abolished slavery before the 
constitution went into effect ? What was the feeling of 
southern leaders in regard to slavery at the beginning of the 
century ? What was Jefferson's view ? How did the south 
come to recognize slavery as a " divine institution " ? When 
and where was the first Normal school organized ? 



108 UNION : HARRISON AND TYLER, 1841-45 

W. H. Harrison and Tyler 

General, references. — "American Statesmea", as given under 
"Jackson"; Sargent, Public Men and Events, ch. 6. 

1. Death of President Harrison. 

2. Tyler and the Whigs,— The United States 

Bank. 
Roosevelt's Benton, ch. 11. 

3. The Dorr War in Rhod« Island. 

New Princeton Review, Sept., 1887; N-ew England Maga- 
zine, June, 1890 ; A. H. A., 1894, 861-370. 

4. The Webster-Ashburton treaty. 

Lodge's Webster, ch. 8 ; American view, North American, 
April, 1843 ; English views, Fraser's Magazine, Nov., 
1842, March, 1843. 

5. The Anti-Renters. 

Roberts, New York {A. C), ch. 3); New Englander, 
Jan., 1846. 

6. Extradition treaty with England. 

Century, August, 1884. 

7. The tariff of 1842. 

Wilson, Division and Reunion, 139-140. 

8. The annexation of Texas. 

Roosevelt's Benton, ch. 13 ; Mag., June, 1882, July, 1883, 
March, 1893. 

a. The Republic of Texas. 

Smith, Reminiscences of the Texas Republic. 

b. Sam Houston. 

Mag., Nov., 1883; Century, Aug., 1S84 ; Bruce's Hous- 
ton, (M. A.). 



110 UNION : POLK, 1845-49 

9. Admission of Florida. 

Mag., Jan., 1892 ; Fairbanks, History of Florida. 

10. Morse and the telegraph. 

Century, April, 1888. 

11. Oregon and Dr. Whitman. 

Coffin, Building the Nation, ch. 27; Barrows, Oregon (A. 
C); Mag., Oct., 1886; Harper, Nov., 1892; Valley of 
Many Waters, Mag , Sept , 1884; New England Maga- 
zine, June, 1892. 

12. Election of 1844. 

Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln ; A History, Century, January, 
1887. 
Search questions. — What nations at different times put forth 
claims to Oregon ? Upon what was the American claim 
based? What is an " accidental president"? What new 
party appeared in 1840 ? What crimes were covered by the 
first extradition treaty ? What beside the Maine boundary 
was settled by the Webster-Ashburton treaty ? What was 
the first message sent by telegraph ? 

Polk 

General references. — Wilson, Division and Reunion ; Gold- 
win Smith, The United States ; Benton, Thirty Years' View ; 
Grant's Memoirs, I, 50-174 ; Sargent, Public Men and Events, 
ch. 7 ; Lowell, Biglow Papers, 1st series ; "American States- 
men" as under "Jackson" ; Polk's Diary. Atlantic. Aug., 
Sept., 1895. 

1. The Mexican War. 

Jay, Review of the Mexican War ; Wilcox, Mexican War ; 
Mag., Dec, 1895. 

a. Causes, real and apparent. 

h. The three campaigns. 

Ladd, Story of New Mexico, ch. 1(5. 



112 union: polk, 1845-49 

c. The generals aud principal battles. 

Taylor's Battles, Harper, July, 1855 ; Howard's Taylor 
(G. C); Scott's Battles, Harper, Aug., 1855; AYright's 
Scott (G. C); Buena Vista, Mag., Dec, 1879 ; Whlttier, 
Angels of Buena Vista. 

d. The treaty and its provisions. 

Scribner, October, 1878. 

e. The acquired territory. 
Epoch maps, Nos. 7, 8. 

2. Fremont on the Pacific coast. 

Koyce's California (A. C.) ; Mag., September, 1887. 

3. The Wihnot proviso. 

Wilson, Division and Reunion, 153-6 ; Schouler, IV, 543. 

4. The Oregon boundary question. 
Roosevelt's Benton, ch. 12. 

5. Discovery of Gold in CaUfornia. 

Stillman, Seeking the Golden Fleece ; Munroe, Golden 
Days of 1849 ; Early California history. Century, Aug., 
1890 to Feb., 1892. 

6. The tariff of 1846. 

Wilson, 154. 

7. New States, — Texas, Iowa, Wisconsin. 

On Texas, Mag., August, 1883; Baker, History of Texas. 
On Iowa, Mag., June, 1889; Tuttle & Durrie, History 
of Iowa. On Wisconsin, Tuttle, History of Wisconsin. 

8. The Smithsonian Institution. 

North American, October, 1854. 

9. The Interior department. 

Schouler. V, 120-1. 



114 UNION : TAYLOR AND FILLMORE, 1849-53 

10. Discoveries and iuventions. 

a. The sewing machine. 
Atlantic, May, 1867 ; Galaxy, August, 1867. 

b. The cylinder press. 

c. The use of ether. 

McClure, Sept., 1896; Atlantic. Nov., 1896. 

11. The election of 1848. 

Search questions. — When was the navy department created ? 
What two cabinet officers were killed by the bursting of a 
cannon ? How does Texas compare in size with the original 
thirteen States ? What general left his wooden leg on the 
battlefield? When was the old "Liberty Bell" cracked? 
What were Lincoln's "Spot Resolutions"? What was 
meant by "fifty-four forty, or fight"? What was the 
nature of the tariff of 1846 ? 

Taylor and Fillmore 

General references. — Rhodes, I, ch. 1-4 ; Roosevelt's Ben- 
ton, ch. 14, 15 ; Sargent, Public Men and Events, ch. 8, 9 ; 
' ' American Statesmen " as under ' ' Jackson ". On Fillmore, 
Frost, Lives of the Presidents, 387-392. 

1. Controversy on admission of California. 
Royce, California (A. C). 

2. The compromises of 1850. 

Schurz's Clay, II. 315-373 ; Lodge's Webster, ch. 9; Mc- 
Laughlin's Cass, ch. 9 ; Harper, March, 1877. 

3. Death of President Taylor. 

Frost, Lives of the Presidents, 355-386. 

4. Clayton-Bulwer treaty with England. 

Schouler, V, 174-7. 



116 UNION : PIERCE, 1853-57 

5. The filibusters, — Lopez and Walker. 
Schoiiler, V, 214 ff, 297, 341. 

6. The Fugitive Slave law. 

Coffin, Building the Nation, 399-407 

7. Death of Calhoun, Clay, and Webster. 

Von Hoist's Calhoun ; on Clay, Schurz's Clay, Sargent's 
Clay, and Mag., July, 1886; on Webster, Lodge's Web- 
ster, Curtis's Webster, Webster's "Great Speeches", 
and Mag., Oct., 1887, Scribner, July, 1876, Century, 
Feb., 1882, March, 1885. 

8. Changes in parties, — election of 1852. 
Stan wood, ch. 18. 

9. Seventh census. 

Search questions. — What was done with the " deposits" after 
Jackson ordered their removal ? Who was " Old Rough and 
Ready " ? What was the " Hard Cider Campaign" ? What 
was the motive of many southerners in wishing for Cuban 
independence ? Is the annexation of Cuba to the United 
States now desirable ? Looking at the slavery controversy 
does it seem true that "no question is settled till it is settled 
right" ? 

Pierce 

General references. — Hawthorne, Life of Pierce ; Frost, 
Lives of the Presidents, 393-404 ; Sargent, Public Men and 
Events ; Rhodes, I, ch. 5-8. 

1. Treaty with Japan. 

Matthew C. Perry, Mag., 1885 ; Griffis, Life of Perry ; 
Harper, March, May, 1856 ; Townsend Harris, Atlantic, 
Aug., 1892. 

2. The Gadsden purchase. 

Wilson, Division and Reunion, 189 ; Epoch maps. Nos. 6, 7. 

3. Kansas-Nebraska act. 



118 union: pierce, 1853-57 

McLaughlin's Ca«s (A. S.) ch. 10; American History Leaf- 
lets, No. 17; Lincoln's Lost Speech, McClure, Sept., 1896. 

4. The Kansas struggle. 

Spring's Kansas (A. C.) ; Carr's Missouri (A. C), 241-250 ; 
Thayer, The Kansas Crusade ; Lincoln History, Century, 
May, July, 1887 ; Cosmopolitan, May, 1894 ; A. H. A., 
1894, 213-226. 

5. Rise of the Republican party. 

6. The Ostend Manifesto. 

American History Leaflets, No. 2. 

7. Assault on Sumner. 

North American, January, 1878; Dawes's Sumner (M. A.); 
Lincoln History, Century, June, 1887. 

8. The '' Know Nothings ". 
McMaster, With the Fathers, 87-106. 

9. The election of 1856. 

Stan wood, eh. 19. 

Search QUESTIONS. — What is meant by "squatter sovereignty " ? 
Who was the author of the theory ? Who was its chief 
advocate? Who were the "Barnburners"? the "Hunk- 
ers"? the " Locof ocos " ? Who was known as the "old 
man eloquent" ? What form of "Know Nothing" doctrine 
has appeared in our own time ? How much territory was 
added to our soil by the Gadsden purchase ? What was the 
original doctrine of the Republican party on the question of 
slavery ? When did it become an abolition party ? 



VII. THE PERIOD OF DISUNION 

General references.— Histories of the Civil War by Comte 
de Paris, Draper, Greeley, R. Johnson, A. H. Stephens, and 
Pollard, Dodge's Bird's-Eye View of the War, and the two 
series, " Campaigns of the Civil War" and "The Navy in 
the Civil War " ; personal memoirs by Grant, Sherman, 
Sheridan, McClellan, J. E. Johnston, Hood, and Longstreet ; 
Blaine's Twenty Years in Congress ; Eggleston's A Rebel's 
Recollections ; Davis's Rise and Fall of the Confederate Gov- 
ernment ; Cooke's Lives of Lee and Jackson ; Nicolay and 
Hay's Lincoln, VI-X. The extensive work, "Battles and 
Leaders of the Civil War ", was originally published, in 
great part, in the Century. It has seemed best to retain the 
references to the magazine as likely to be more convenient to 
some who will use this book. 

For young readers, — Abbot, Battlefields of 1861 ; Champ- 
lin. Young Folks' History of the War ; Coffin, Drum Beats, 
Following the Fhig, Freedom Triumphant, Marching to 
Victory, and Redeeming the Republic ; Abbot, Blue Jackets 
of 1861 ; Soley, Sailor Boys of 1861 ; Goss, Recollections of a 
Private. 

Stories of war times. — Coffin, Winning his Way ; Cooke, 
Wearing of the Gray ; Henty, With Lee in Virginia ; Goss, 
Jed ; Hosmer, The Color Guard ; Trowbridge, Cud jo's Cave, 
and The Three Scouts ; Page, Among the Camps, and Two 
Little Confederates ; Austin, Dora Darling ; Davis, In War 
Times. 

Buchanan 

General references. — Bryant, IV, ch. 16-23 ; Rhodes, II, 
ch. 9-11 ; Schouler, V ; Davis, Rise and Fall, I, II ; Blaine, 
I ; Nicolay and Hay, II-V ; Wilson, Division and Reunion ; 
(120) 



122 DISUNION : BUCHANAN, 1857-61 

Olmstead. The Cotton Kingdom. On Buchanan and his 
course, see Harper, January, 1884; Century, Dec, 1881; 
Mag., May, 1883. 

1. The Dred Scott decision. 

Century, June, 1887 ; American History Leaflets, No. 23. 

2. Personal Liberty laws. 
Nicolay and Hay, III, ch. 2. 

3. John Brown's raid. 

Sanborn's John Brown ; Century, July, 1883, June, 1885, 
August, 1887 ; Atlantic, Feb., 1886 ; North American, Nov., 
1883 ; Feb. , 1884 ; Whittier, Brown of Osawatomie ; Sted- 
man. How Old Brown took Harper's Ferry ; A. H. A., 1890,; 
439-452. 

4. The Lincoln-Douglas debate. 

Century, July, 1887. 

5. The four candidates in 1860. 

Nomination of Lincoln, Century, Oct., 1883, Sept., 1887 ; 
North American, March, 1884; Scribner, Nov., 1893; 
Charleston Convention, Century, Aug., 1887; Mag., 
Aug., 1885; Baltimore Convention, Mag., Jan., 1887. 

6. State of feeling in the two sections. 

The Border State Men, Atlantic, Feb., 1892; Creed of the 
Old South, Atlantic, Jan., 1892; Why the Men of 1861 
Fought for the Union, Atlantic, March, 1893 ; Peculiar- 
ities of the South, North American, Oct., 1890. 

a. The doctrine of State sovereignty. 

b. The effects of slavery. 

c. Southern sentiment. 

d. Sentiment at the north. 

7. Secession of seven States. 



124 DISUNION : LINCOLN, 1861 

Ordinances, American History Leaflets, No. 12 ; Preston, 
304-313. 

8. The Confederate States of America. 

The Fallacy of 1860, Mag., April, 1888 ; Confederate Con- 
stitution (text), in Lalor's Cyclopaedia. 

9. Seizure of forts and arsenals, — Fort Sumter. 
Battles and Leaders, I, 40-83. 

10. Mormon troubles. 

11. Admission of Minnesota, Oregon, and Kansas. 

Neill's History of Minnesota; Barrows's Oregon (A. C.) ; 
Spring's Kansas (A. C). 

12. Railroads and the panic of 1857. 

13. Oil discovered in Pennsylvania. 
Harper, Dec, 1864, April, 1865, Oct., 1890. 

14. Eighth census. 

Search questions. — "John Brown's body lies mouldering in the 
grave ",— where ? (Important, a New York Regents' ques- 
tion.) What caused the split in the Democratic party in 
1860 ? With whom did the State sovereignty doctrine orig- 
inate ? Who were the "doughfaces" ? the "Copperheads" ? 
What was the effect of the Dred Scott decision upon pre- 
vious slavery legislation ? How large a portion of the south- 
ern people were in favor of secession ? 
Lincoln— 1861 

General references. — On Lincoln, see Lives by Raymond, 
Herndon, Morse (A C), Nicolay and Hay, Tarbell ("Early 
Life", and continued in McClure's Magazine for 1895-6), 
Brooks (Century, Nov., 1894 to May, 1895), and Eggleston's 
story, "The Graysons". On opening of the war, Mag., 
July to Sept., 1886. Whittier, In War Time ; Lowell, Big- 
low Papers, second series ; Mrs. Howe's Battle Hymn ; 
Rhodes, Vol. Ill (ends with 1862) ; John Sherman's Recol- 
lections. 



126 DISUNION : LINCOLN, 1861 

1. The task and the man. 

Inaugurals, etc., Old South Leaflets, No. 11, American 
History Leaflets, Nos. 18, 36. Lincoln as Commander 
in Chief, McClure, Feb., 1895; also Century, Dec. , 1887, 
Jan., 1888. 

2. The causes of the war. 

3. Capture of Fort Sumter, — its effect on the north. 

4. Call to arms. 

Century, March, 1888. 

5. Secession of four more States. 

6. Attitude of foreign governments. 

7. The Baltimore mob. 

Mag., Sept., 1885; Century, April, 1888. 

8. The campaigns in Virginia. 
Century, Nov., 1884. 

a. McClellan in West Virginia. 

h. '' On to Richmond ",— Bull Run. 

c. Ball's Bluff. 

9. The Trent affair. 

Mag., March, June, 1886. 

10. Blockade of southern ports, — the navy. 

Additional references to naval affairs, Boynton, Navy dur- 
ing the Rebellion ; Scharf , Confederate States Navy. 

11. Hatteras Inlet and Port Royal. 

Mag., Oct., 1885. 

Search questions. — Why did not the four States secede with 
the seven ? What advantage to the south to recognize them 
as " belligerents " ? What especially hindered the success of 
the union forces and plans at first ? Which side had actively 



128 DISUNION : LINCOLN, 1862 

and carefully prepared for war ? In what ways ? When 
has a government the right to stop and search a neutral 
vessel at sea ? Does this right apply to vessels of war, or to 
merchant ships, or to both ? Was the violation of interna- 
tional law then in stopping the Trent, or in removing Mason 
and Slidell ? 

Lincoln,— 1862 

General references. — On A. S. Johnston, Century, Feb., 
1885. On McClellan, Century, July, August, 1885, May, 1886, 
Atlantic, July, 1892. As before noted the references to the 
war articles in the Century are retained, though they are 
published in book form with additions in "Battles and 
Leaders of the Civil War". If available, consult the latter. 

1. Situation and plan of operations. 

Epoch Maps, No. 13 (No. 4, in Wilson's Division and 
Reunion). 

2. Campaigns in the west. 

Century, August, 1888. 

a. Forts Henry and Donelson. 
Century, Dec, 1884; Mag., Jan., 1886. 

b. Shiloh. 

Century, Feb., 1885, March, 1886; Mag., March, May, 
1886. 

c. Bragg's expedition, — Perryville. 
Battles and Leaders, III, 1-61. 

d. Ink a and Corinth. 

Century, Oct.. 1886. 

e. Murfreesboro. 

Battles and Leaders, III, 613-634. 

/. Affairs in Missouri, — Pea Ridge. 
Battles and Leaders, I, 262-334. 



130 DISUNION : LINCOLN, 1863 

3. War on the coast. 

a. Capture of New Orleans. 

Century, April, 1885, July, 1886; Harper, Aug., 1866; 
Abbot, Blue Jackets, ch. 13. 

b. Seaboard nearly all in Union hands. 

c. The Monitor and the Merrimac. 
Century, March, 1885 ; Mag., Jan., 1885; Abbot, ch. 9. 

4. Campaigns in the east. 

a. McClellan's Peninsular Campaign. 
Century, May, 1885 ; May, 1886. 

b. Lee against Pope. 

Century, Jan., Feb., 1886. 

c. Invasion of Maryland, — Antietam. 
Century, June, 1886. 

d. Biirnside at Fredericksburg. 

Century, Aug., Sept., 1886; Mag., June, 1887. 

5. War with the Sioux. 

Harper, June, 1863; Ellis, Indian Wars, ch. 34-36. 

6. The Homestead law. 

Search questions. — What is a " paper blockade" ? What was 
the fate of the Monitor ? Where had McClellan received his 
military education ? To what shall we attribute his failure 
to capture Richmond ? Why did not the remaining slave 
States secede ? What reason is there to think that Lincoln 
would have made a successful general, given training and 
opportunity ? 

Lincoln,— 1863 

1. Emancipation, — ^the two proclamations. 

North American, Feb., 1880; Preston, 313-5; Old South 
Leaflets, No. 11. 



132 DISUNION : LINCOLN, 1863 

2. Situation at the beginning of 1863. 

3. Grant at Vicksburg, — the Mississippi opened. 

Century., Sept., 1885; Mag., Dec, 1885. Opening the 
Mississippi, Century, Jan., April, 1885; Harper, Jan., 
1865 ; Abbot, Blue Jackets, ch. 15, 16. 

4. War in the west. 

Century, Nov., 1885 ; Mistakes of Grant, North American, 
Dec, 1885. 

a. Chickamauga. 

Century, April, 1887. 

h. Chattanooga. 
Century, May, 1887. 

5. War in the east. 

Century, Sept., 1886; Mag., April, 1886. 

a. Chancellorsville. 

Century, Sept., 1886. 

h. Invasion of Pennsylvania, — Gettysburg. 

Century, Nov., Dec, 1886, Jan., Feb., 1887; Pickett's 
Charge, Mag., July, 1887. 

6. Fort Wagner. 

Nicolay and Hay, VII, ch. 15. 

7. The draft. 

Nicolay and Hay, VII, 17-36 : Roberts, New York (A. C), 
ch. 37. 

8. The French in Mexico. 
Harper, October, 1868. 

9. National banking system established. 

Scribner, Feb., 1872; North American, Jan., 1887. 



134 DISUNION : LINCOLN, 1864 

Search questions. — What was the effect of the Emancipation 
proclamation ? Did it abolish slavery ? What right had 
Lincoln to free the slaves by proclamation ? What effect 
had the draft on the number added to the army ? Should 
the money paid by drafted men be restored to them ? 
What was the nature of the Morrill tariff of 1861 ? Was this 
in line with the policy pursued since 1846 ? What is the 
story of the origin of the colleges of agriculture and mechanic 
arts ? How came the negroes to be called " contrabands" ? 
Has any one ever been executed for treason in the United 
States ? 

Lincoln,— 1864 

1. Grant commander-in-chief. 

Century, May, 1885. 

2. Situation and plan of action. 

3. War in the west. 

a. The Atlanta campaign. 

Century, July, August, 1887. 

b. Hood's invasion of Tennessee. 
Century, August, 1887. 

c. Sherman's " March to the Sea". 

Harper, Oct., 1865; Nichols's Story of the Great March. 

d. Red River expedition. 

Century, Sept., 1887. 

4. War in Virginia. 
Century, Feb., 1884. 

a. The Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and Cold 
Harbor. 
Century, June. 1887. 



136 DISUNION : LINCOLN, 1865 

h. Petersburg. 

Century, Sept., 1887. 

c. Early and Sheridan in the Shenandoah. 
Battles and Leaders, IV, 492-532 ; Read's Sheridan's Ride. 

5. War on the coast. 

The Monitors, Century, Dec, 1885. 

a. Mobile Bay. 
Abbot, Blue Jackets, ch. 18 ; Mahan's Farragut (G. C). 

h. Fort Fisher. 
Battles and Leaders, IV, 642-663. 

c. The blockade. 

6. The Confederate cruisers. 

Century, April, 1886 ; Abbot, ch. 11 ; Battles and Leaders, 
IV, 595-642. 

7. The election of 1864. 

Seaech questions. — When did the banks suspend specie pay- 
ments ? Who was commander-in-chief of the army when 
the war broke out ? Who were the successive commanders 
of the Army of the Potomac ? Why did we have no specie 
in circulation during and after the war ? What had become 
of it ? What makes our present silver dollar pass the same 
as a gold dollar now ? By stamping a piece of silver or gold 
at its mint does the government determine the value of the 
coin ? 

Lincoln, 1 865,— Close of the War 

General references. — Review of the war, — Grand Strategy 
of the War, Century, Feb., 1888 ; The Songs of the War, 
Century, Aug., 1887; Our Visit to Richmond, Atlantic, 
Sept., 1864, and a Suppressed Chapter of History, Atlantic, 
April, 1887 ; Turning Points of the War, A. H. A. , 1894, 
39-53. Treatment of Prisoners, Century, March, 1888 ; 



138 DISUNION : LINCOLN, 1865 

Harper, July, 1865 ; Nicolay and Hay, VII, ch. 16 ; Ander- 
son ville, Century, July, Aug., Nov., 1890; Cold Cheer at 
Camp Morton, Century, April, 1890, Sept., 1891. The lead- 
ers, — Lee, Century, April, 1888, Lee's Lee (G. C), Cooke's 
Lee; Grant, Harper, Sept., 1885, Mag., Oct., 1885, McClure, 
May, 1894; Sherman, Century, Jan., 1884, Atlantic, Aug., 
1891 ; Stonewall Jackson, Century, Oct., 1886, Harper, Nov., 
1891, Cooke's Jackson ; Sheridan, Century, Feb., 1884 ; Dix, 
Atlantic, Aug., 1883, Mag., Aug., 1885; Lincoln and Grant, 
Century, Oct., 1885 ; also Johnston's A. H, Stephens ; Cop- 
pee's Thomas (G. C.) ; Walker's Hancock (G. C.) ; Hughes's 
J. E. Johnston (G. C.) ; Davie's Sheridan (G. C). Sanitary 
Commission, Atlantic, April, 1867, North American, Jan., 
April, 1864. Christian Commission, Moss's History of the 
Christian Commission. 

1. Situation at the beginning of 1865. 

2. Sherman's march northward. 

Last chance of the Confederacy, Atlantic, Sept., 1882. 

3. Five Forks. — Richmond evacuated. 
Century, Nov., 1887. 

4. Surrender at Appomattox. 
Battles and Leaders, IV, 728-746. . 

5. Capture of Jefferson Davis. 

Century, Nov., 1883 ; Feb., 1890 ; Mag., May, June, 1886; 
Bailing of Davis, Century, Feb., 1887. 

6. The disbanding of the armies. 
Nicolay and Hay, X, ch. 17. 

7. Assassination of Lincoln. 

Nicolay and Hay, X, ch. 14, 15 ; Pursuit of Booth, Cen- 
tury, Jan., 1890 ; See also Lowell, Among my Books. 

8. Review of the war. 

a. The great campaigns. 



140 DISUNION : LINCOLN, 1865 

h. The leading generals. 

c. Cost of the war. 

d. Number engaged on both sides. 

e. Treatment of prisoners. 
/. Negro troops in the war. 
g. Results of the struggle. 

h. Sanitary and Christian Commissions. 

9. Admission of West Virginia and Nevada. 
Parker's Formation of West Virginia ; Powell's Nevada. 

10. The Freedman's Bureau. 

Search questions — What were the terms given to Lee and his 
army at Appomattox ? Did the other rebel armies surrender 
on as favorable terms ? Was Jefferson Davis ready to give 
up the struggle after the loss of Richmond ? What was his 
plan ? How was Lincoln regarded by the southern people 
at the close of the war ? How at the beginning ? Should 
the secession leaders have been punished more severely ? 
What State was first called Kanawha ? Where was the State 
of Franklin ? What was Jefferson's scheme for ten States 
to be formed from the Northwest territory ? What names 
were to be given to them ? 



VIIL THE PERIOD OF REUNION 

GENERAIi REFERENCES FOR THE PERIOD. — WilsOtl, DivisiOEL and 

Reunion, 253-299 ; Grant's Memoirs ; John Sherman's Recol- 
lections ; Blaine, Twenty Years in Congress (to 1881) ; An- 
drews, IV, 182-391 ; same author's Last Quarter-Century 
(first published in Scribner, 1895-6) ; Review of Reviews, 
North American, Forum, Nation, and other periodicals. 
Cyclopaedic Review of Current History, from 1890. 

Johnson 

General References. — On Johnson, Mag., July, 1888 ; Frost, 
Lives of the Presidents, 481-474. On Stanton, Century, 
March, 1887. See also Tourgee, A Fool's Errand, North 
American, Jan., April, 1866; New Englander, Oct., 1866. 

1. Reconstruction. 

Mag., Sept., 1888; Lowell, Political Essays, 177-294; 
Lalor's Cyclopaedia, III, 540-556 ; Andrews, IV, 183- 
198; North American, Feb., 1879; Forum, Oct, 1895 

a. Two points, — emancipation, and readmis- 

sion of the States. 

b. The President's poHcy. 

c. The amnesty proclamation. 

d. Provisional State governments. 

e. The policy of Congress. 

/. Thirteenth and fourteenth amendments. 
g. Six States re-admitted. 

2. Congress and the President. 

a. Tenure of office act. 
(142) 



144 REUNION : JOHNSON, 1865-9 

b. Removal of Secretary Stanton. 

c. Impeachment of Johnson. 

Scribner, April, 1892; A. H. A., 1890, 471-503; Forum, 
July, 1895 (A Previous Era, etc.). 

3. The French driven from Mexico. 

Scribner, June, 1894. 

4. The Atlantic Cable. 

Field, Story of the Atlantic Telegraph. 

5. Purchase of Alaska. 

Bancroft, History of Alaska; Bruce's Alaska; Century, 
July, 1882, Sept., Oct., 1885, April, 1890; Cosmopoli- 
tan, Aug., 1894. 

6. Burlingame treaty with China. 
Harper, Oct., 1868. 

7. Admission of Nebraska. 
Johnson, History of Nebraska. 

8. Grand Army of the Republic founded. 
New England Mag., Aug., 1890. 

9. The election of 1868. 

Search questions.— Who were the "carpet-baggers " ? Why 
was not Johnson convicted ? How many times was an 
Atlantic cable laid before success was gained ? How large 
is Alaska ? What are its chief products ? What States did 
not vote for President in 1868 ? What is the constitutional 
provision for impeachment ? What mistakes were made in 
the reconstruction policy ? What would Lincoln's policy 
probably have been ? 

Grant 

General references. — Andrews, Last Quarter-Century, in 
Scribner, March-June, 1895. On Grant see Badeau, Military 
History of Grant, and Grant in Peace ; also, Atlantic, March, 
1886; Century, Oct., 1885; Mag., Sept., 1885, xlug., 1888. 



146 REUNION : GRANT, 1869-77 

1. The treaty of Washington. 

Harper, Nov., 1872 ; Lalor's Cyclopaedia ; Gushing, Treaty 
of Washington. 

a. The Geneva arbitration. 
Lalor's Cyclopaedia. 

h. The Northwest boundary. 

c. The fisheries. 
Andrews, IV, 248-270. 

2. The Pacific Kailroad. 
Scribner, Aug., 1892. 

3. Completion of reconstruction. 

Andrews in Scribner, March, 1895 ; Tourgee, Bricks With- 
out Straw. 

a. The fifteenth amendment. 

h. Status of the freedmen. 

c. The Kuklux Klan. 

Century, July, 1884 ; Tourgee, The Invisible Empire. 

4. Weather Bureau estabHshed. 
Atlantic, Nov., 1880 ; Forum, Aug., 1886. 

5. Credit Mobiher and other frauds. 

North American, July, 1873 (The Session) ; Scribner, 
March, 1874. 

6. The centennial and its celebration. 

7. The San Domingo question. 
Galaxy, March, 1871. 

8. Admission of Colorado. 

Early History, Harper, Aug., 1870; Mag., May, 1886. 

9. Financial panic of 1873. 

10. Chautauqua movement begun. 



148 REUNION : HAYES, 1877-81 

11. Overthrow of Tweed ring in New York. 

McClure's Mag., July, 1895. 

12. Remington typewriter introduced. 
Johnson's Cyclopaedia. 

13. Great Fires in Chicago and Boston. 

Chicago fire, New England Mag , Aug., 1892 ; Boston fire, 
North American, July, 1873. 

14. Death of Seward. 

Atlantic, Nov., 1894; A Great Public Character, Mag., 
May, 1891. 

15. Indian troubles, — the Modocs and Sioux. 
Ellis, Indian Wars, ch. 38, 39. 

16. The election of 1872. 

17. The election of 1876. 

O'Neil, American Electoral System, ch. 20-1 ; Mag., Feb , 
1892; Atlantic, Oct., 1893, 

a. The returning Boards. 

b. The Electoral Commission. 

c. The result. 

18. Hoosac Tunnel completed. 

19. The ninth census. 

Search questions. — Why was the Geneva arbitration so impor- 
tant in the world's history ? When were surveys begun for 
a Pacific railroad ? What can be done to punish a State that 
denies the negro a right to vote ? Of what historical impor- 
tance is San Domingo ? Is its possession by the United 
States desirable? What President was a " poor white"? 
How did the great parties violate their traditions in the posi- 
tions contended for in the contested election of 1876 ? What 
were the causes of the panic of 1873 ? 

Hayes 

General references.— Frost, Lives of the Presidents, 497- 
504; Andrews in Scribner, June-Sept., 1895; Hayes's Vetoes, 



150 REUNION : HAYES, 1877-81 

J. H. U., Ill, 30-2 ; The End of the War, Atlantic, March, 
1881 ; The Hayes Administration, Atlantic, June, 1893 ; also 
Atlantic, Aug., 1879 ; Review of Reviews, March, 1893. 

1. Troops withdrawn from the south. 

2. The finances. 

a. The Bland silver law. 

b. Resumption of specie payments. 

c. Refunding the debt. 

3. Great railroad strike. 
North American, Sept., 1877. 

4. The fishery award. 

North American, Jan., 1879. 

5. Inventions and improvements. 

a. The telephone. 

Popular Science Monthly, Dec, 1878; Scribner, April, 
1878. On Edison, Review of Reviews, July, 1893. 

h. The electric light. 

Harper, Aug., 1870 ; Scribner, Feb., 1880. 

c. Elevated railroads. 

d. The Mississippi jetties. 
Scribner, Nov., 1879. 

6. War with the Nez Perces. 
Ellis, Indian Wars, pp. 369-70. 

7. Election of 1880. 

8. Tenth census. 

Search questions. — Who were the "Bourbons" ? What was 
the origin of the Tammany society ? At the preseot average 
rate of increase what will be our population in 1900 ? Has 
full amnesty been granted to all who took part in the re- 



152 reunion: garfield and Arthur, 1881-85 

bellion ? Was the fishery award just to the United States ? 
Why had troops been kept in the south after the war ? Was 
it good policy to withdraw them? What President was 
representative, senator-elect, and president-elect at the same 
time ? What State is most thickly settled ? 

Garfield and Arthur 

General references. — Frost, Lives of the Presidents, 505-537 ; 
Andrews in Scribner, Sept. -No v., 1895; North American, 
May -July, 1887 ; on Garfield, Atlantic, Sept. , 1881 ; Century, 
Dec, 1881, Jan., 1882, and Blaine's Eulogy. 

1. The Star Route frauds. 

2. Assassination of Garfield and accession of 

Arthur. 

3. The Yorktown centennial. 

4. Anti-polygamy legislation. 

The Women of the Beehive, Century, May, 1884. On 
Utah, articles in Forum, Nov., 1887, Jan., May, Aug., 
1888, Dec, 1^94; North American, April, 1882, Jan., 
1884; Cosmopolitan, Sept., 1895. 

5. Completion of Washington Monument and 

Brooklyn Bridge. 

Brooklyn Bridge, St. Nicholas, July, 1883 

6. Tariff revision. 

7. Civil Service Act. 

Assassination and the Spoils System, Princeton, Sept., 
1881. Also same, March, 1882. 

8. The Panama canal question. 

Atlantic, Sept., 1889. 

9. Adoption of standard time. 

10. The legal tender decision. 
Bancroft, Plea for the Constitution. 



154 REUNION : CLEVELAND, 1885-89 

11. The '' New South ", — New Orleans exhibition. 

Grady, The New South ; Century, May, June, 1885 ; 
Forum, March, Aug., 1892. 

12. The education of the negro. 

Atlantic, July, 1892 ; Century, Sept., 1885 ; North Amer- 
ican, June, July, 1879, Jan., 1892; Cable, The Negro 
Question ; Haygood, Our Brother in Black. 

13. The election of 1884, — the four parties. 

Search questions. — When was the "Washington Monument 
begun? How long does a "Congress" last? What was 
the result of the Star Route trials ? What Presidents have 
been chosen by the House of Representatives ? Has any 
Vice-President been chosen by the Senate ? If polygamy is 
a part of the religious creed of the Mormons, what moral 
right has Congress to legislate against it ? When is a law 
* ' constitutional " ? How do the American and the English 
constitutions differ ? 

Cleveland (1) 

General references— Andrews, in Scribner, Jan., Feb., 1896 ; 
On Cleveland, McClure's Mag., Nov., 1893 ; Frost, Lives of 
the Presidents, 537-542. 

1. Deaths of Grant, McClellan, Hancock, Arthur, 

Sheridan. 

On Arthur, Mag., Jan., 1887; Bay State Monthly, May, 
1884. 

2. Advance of Civil Service reform. 

Atlantic, Feb., 1891. 

3. The Chinese immigration question. 
Lalor's Cyclopaedia ; Forum, Oct. 1890. 

4. The Mills tariff bill. 

5. The Indian land question. 



156 REUNION : HARRISON, 1889-93 

Century, Aug., 1889 ; Mag., June, 1883 ; North American 
April, 1879, July, 1881, March, 1883 ; Ellis, Indian Wars, 
eh. 42, 48-50. 

6. Great strikes. 

7. The Chicago anarchists. 

Century, April, 1893 ; Scribner, Jan., 1896 (p. 77). 

8. Department of Agriculture established. 

9. Inter-State commerce law. 

North American, July, 1887 ; Atlantic, July, 1887 ; Forum, 
July, 1891, April, 1894. 

10. Bartholdi Statue of Liberty. 
Scribner, Jan., 1896 (p. 80). 

11. Presidential election laws. 

O'Neil, American Electoral System, 233 ff ; Stanwood, 
ch. 27. 

a. The succession act. 

h. The electoral count act. 

12. The election of 1888. 

Search questions. — Have Grant's abilities as a general been 
overestimated ? Have the Indians "any rights which the 
white man is bound to respect " ? To what extent are lands 
in the United States held by foreigners ? What are the 
objections to alien ownership ? What clause in the consti- 
tvition gave Congress power to pass the Inter-State Com- 
merce law? Who were the "mugwumps"? the "stal- 
warts" ? the " half-breeds " ? 

Benjamin Harrison 

General references. — Andrews, in Scribner, Feb., March, 
1896 ; Cyclopaedic Review of Current History, from 1890 ; 
Review of Reviews, and other magazines and reviews. On 
Harrison see Review of Reviews, July, 1892 ; North Amer- 
ican, June, 1892 ; Forum, July, 1892. 



158 REUNION : HARRISON, 1889-93 

1. The new States, — North Dakota, South Dakota, 

Montana, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming. 

Dodge, the Black Hills ; Maguire's Montana ; Bancroft's 
Washington, Idaho, and Montana ; Strahorn's Handbook 
of Wyoming ; Harper, Jan. , May, Sept. , 1892, June, 1893 . 

2. Oklahoma organized. 

Harper, Nov., 1893 ; Scribner, Feb., 1896 (p. 188). 

3. Foreign relations. 

a. Extradition treaties. 

b. Bering sea question. 

Harper, April, 1891 ; North American, April, 1888 ; Amer- 
ican History Leaflets, No. 6 ; Atlantic, Feb., 1890. ' 

c. Reciprocity. 

d. The New Orleans affair and Italy. 
Scribner, Feb., 1896 (p. 192). 

e. Germany and American pork. 
/. Trouble with Chili. 

g. Hawaii. 
Review of Reviews, March, 1898. 
h. Our first ambassadors. 

4. Important questions at home. 

a. Ballot reform. 
Forum, Oct., 1889. 

b. The silver question. 
McMaster, With the Fathers, 232-236. 

c. The Louisiana lottery. 

Century, Feb., 1892; Scribner, Feb., 1896 (p. 191), April, 
1896 (p. 482). 

d. The original package case. 



160 KEUNION : HARRISON, 1889-93 

e. The McKinley tariff. 
/. Farmers' Alliance and People's Party. 
Forum, Oct., 1893 ; North American, Dec, 1893. 
g. New judiciary act. 

5. The Pan-American Congress. 
Mag., April, 1890. 

6. International copyright. 
North American, Jan., 1888^ 

7. The Indian War. 

Ellis, Indian Wars, eh. 42-48. The Apache War, Ellis, 
ch. 40-1 ; Bourke, On the Border with Crook. 

8. The new war ships. 

North American, June, 1891, Aug., 1894. 

9. Labor troubles. 

a. The Buffalo strike. 
North American, Oct., 1892. 

h. The Homestead strike. 
North American, Sept., 1892. 

10. Deaths of Blaine, Hayes, and Gen. Sherman. 
On Blaine, Bay State Mo., Oct., 1884. 

11. The eleventh census. 

Forum, May, June, 1891 ; Pop. Sci. Mo., Oct., 1891 to 
Oct., 1892. 

12. The election of 1892. 

Search questions. — Why should we keep a strong navy ? Do 
we need an elaborate system of coast defences ? What States 
now admit women to full suffrage ? Is reciprocity a success 
or a failure ? Is the annexation of Hawaii desirable ? If an 
English subject was killed in a riot in Boston, would Massa- 



162 REUNION : CLEVELAND, 1893-97 

chusetts or the United States be responsible ? How then 
would England obtain redress ? What constitutional right 
has Congress to enact a protective tariff law ? What crimes 
are included under the new English extradition treaty ? 
What special provisions are in the Russian extradition treaty ? 
Where is the "Great American Desert"? (See Harper, 
July, 1888). 

Cleveland (2) 

General references as under last head. — For the last two 
administrations the topics have been made more minute and 
specific. They are mainly "current topics" and are under 
frequent discussion in newspapers and periodicals. Young 
America should keep informed on all these public questions 
and the teacher can give much needful help in the begin- 
nings of the study of questions of the day. Intelligent 
study on these points will do much to fit for the duties of 
citizenship. 

On Cleveland and his cabinet, see Review of Reviews, 
Aug., 1893, April, 1893. See Scribner, March, April, 1896 ; 
Forum, July, 1896 ; Cyclopaedic Review of Current History. 

1. Foreign relations. 

a. The Geary Chinese exclusion act. 
North American July, 1893 ; Forum, June. 1893. 
h. New treaty with China. 

c. Seals in Bering Sea. 
North American, Dec, 1895. 

d. Hawaii. 

North American, March, Dec, 1893; Forum, June, 1893; 
Review of Reviews, Sept., 1891. 

e. Revolt of Cuba, — the Allianca incident. 

Review of Reviews, April, 1896 ; North American, Sept., 
1895; Forum, Sept., 1895, May, 1896 ; Cosmopolitan, 
Oct., 1895. 



164 REUNION : CLEVELAND, 1893-97 

/. The Venezuela dispute and commission. 

North American, June, Nov., 1895; Review of Reviews, 
Dec, 1895 ; Monroe Doctrine, Review of Reviews, Dec, 
1895, Feb., 1896. 

g. The Alaska boundary. 

Atlantic, April, 1896 ; Century, May, 1896 ; Review of 
Reviews, June, 1896. 

h. Armenian outrages, — the Red Cross. 

Forum, June, 1896. 

i. International arbitration. 
Review of Reviews, April, 1896. 

k. Other extradition treaties. 
With Russia, Forum, May, July, 1893. 
2. Domestic questions. 

a. "Free Silver." 
Forum, June, 1895. 

h. The income tax. 
North American, May, 1895 ; Forum, March, July, 1895. 

c. The monetary crisis, — repeal of the silver 

law of 1890. 
Scribner, April, 1896 (p. 469). 

d. The Wilson bill and Wilson-Gorman law. 
North American, Feb., 1894; Forum, Feb., 1894. 

e. The A. P. A. 

Century, March, 1894 ; Forum, June, July, 1894 ; North 
American, July, Sept., 1894. 

/. Lexow investigation and municipal reform 

in New York. 

Scribner, April, 1896 (p. 487). On Roosevelt, Review of 
Reviews, Aug., 1895. 



166 KEUNION : CLEVELAND, 1893-97 

g. The South Carolina dispensary law. 
North American, Feb., May, July, 1894. 
h. The Raines law in New York. 

North American, April, 1896. 

3. Labor questions. 

a. Coxey's Commonweal Army. 
Review of Reviews, July, 1894. 
h. The coal strike. 

c. The Pullman boycott and Chicago strike. 
Forum, Aug., Sept., 1894 ; North American, Aug., 1894 ; 

Report of Federal Commission ; Scribner, April, 1896 
(p. 473). 

d. Car strikes in Brooklyn and Philadelphia. 

e. The New Orleans outrage. 

4. Admission of Utah. 

Strong, Our Country, ch. 7 ; Bancroft, History of Utah ; 
Stenhouse, Rocky Mountain Saints. 

6. The Atlanta exposition. 
Review of Reviews, Feb., 1895. 

6. Wreck of the old Kearsarge. 

7. The bicycle and " good roads ". 

Scribner, June, 1895 ; North American, Aug., 1895 ; Scrib- 
ner, Oct., 1889; Atlantic, Oct., 1892; Century, April, 
1892 ; North American, July, 1895. 

8. The Columbian naval review. 

A Great Object Lesson, Mag., Nov., 1892 ; North Ameri- 
can, June, 1893. 

9. The World's Columbian Exposition. 



168 REUNION : MC KINLEY, 1897- 

Four Centuries of Progress, McMaster, With the Fathers, 
313-321; Century, May, Sept., 1893; Harper, May, 
1893 ; Review of Reviews, July, 1893 ; Cosmopolitan, 
Dec, 1893; Scribner, March, 1896 (pp. 270-295). 

10. The election of 1896. 

The Issues of 1896, Century, Nov., 1895 ; McKinley, Mc- 
Clure's Mag., Dec, 1893; Bryan, Review of Reviews, 
July, 1896. 
Search questions. — Upon what ground was the Income Tax 
declared unconstitutional ? Why is it good policy for us to 
interfere in a dispute between England and Venezuela ? 
Why should not the United States interfere actively to pre- 
vent Armenian outrages ? Is the butchery of Armenians of 
less importance than a mere question of boundaries in South 
America ? What are the distinctive features of the South 
Carolina dispensary law ? Of the Raines liquor law ? When 
property is destroyed by rioters who has to stand the loss ? 
What are the history and purposes of the Red Cross society ? 
When was the forty-fifth star added to the national flag ? 

Our Country To-day 

General references. — Harper's First Century of the Republic 
(first published in Harper, Nov., 1874 to June, 1876) gives 
much information on the growth of the country till 1876. The 
best account up to date will be found in Shaler's "United 
States of America", in two volumes. Bryce's American 
Commonwealth is of course invaluable for political develop- 
ment. The following will be found very helpful : — Scaler's 
Story of our Continent ; Carnegie's Triumphant Democracy ; 
Strong's Our Country ; Patton's Natural Resources of the 
United States. 

1. Physical features. 

Winsor, IV (Introd.) ; Rivers and Valleys, Scribner, 
Aug., 1888. 

a. The Atlantic slope. 

Shaler's U. S., I, ch. 1, 2. 



170 REUNION : MC KINLEY, 1897- 

b. Mississippi valley aud Lake region. 

Shaler, I, ch. 3, 5 ; The New Northwest, Century, Aug. 
to Oct., 1882, Review of Reviews, Nov., 1893. 

c. The Rocky Mountain region. 
Schaler, I, ch. 3. 

d. The Pacific slope. 

Shaler, I, ch. 6 ; Forum, Nov., 1891 ; Review of Reviews, 
Nov., 1893. 

e. Special features, — Niagara, Yosemite, etc. 

Niagara, Scribner, Aug., 1876 ; Cosmopolitan, Sept., 1894; 
McClure, Oct., 1894; Yosemite, Century, Aug., Sept., 
1890. 

2. Natural resources. 

a. Mineral wealth, — coal, iron, salt, precious 

metals, oil, etc. 
Shaler, I, ch. 8. 

b. Variety of soil, climate and productions. 
Shaler, I, ch. 7. 

c. The great forests and their preservation. " 

Shaler, I, ch. 9 ; Review of Reviews, July, 1893 ; Century, 
Sept., 1893. 

d. The public lands. 

Lalor's Cyclopaedia ; Century, Feb., 1883; Harper, Oct., 

1885. 

e. Arid lands and irrigation. 

Century, March-May, 1890, May, 1895, Feb., March, 1896 ; 
Review of Reviews, Oct., 1893. Forum, Feb., 1892; 
North American, March, 1890 ; Harper, July, 1888. 

3. Social and Industrial. 

a. Great cities. 



172 REUNION : MC KINLEY, 1897- 

Shaler, II, ch. 5 ; Our Civic Renaissance, Review of Re- 
views, April, 1895. 

h. Railroads and telegraphs. 

Shaler, II, ch. 2, 3 ; Articles in Scribner, June, 1888 to 
Sept., 1889. 

c. Education and spread of intelligence. 

Shaler, II, ch. 6, 7, 8 ; Boone, Education in the U. S. : 
Newspapers, North American, Feb., March, 1890; 
Forum, April, 1890 ; Century, June, 1890. 

d. Religious and benevolent organizations. 

e. Agriculture. 

Shaler, I, ch. 7. 

/. Manufactures. 
Shaler, II, ch. 1. 
g. Commerce, foreign and domestic. 

Shaler, I, ch. 10 ; Inland Commerce, Century, July, 1889 ; 
Forum, Feb., 1892; Review of Reviews, Nov., 1893. 

h. Mining. 
Shaler, I, ch. 8. 

i. Growth of great corporations. 
Shaler, II, ch. 4. 
4. Scientific work of the government. 

a. Smithsonian Institution. 

6. Coast Survey. 
Harper, May, 1879. 

c. The Geological Survey. 
Reports. 

d. Agricultural department, — the Weather 

Bureau. 



174 REUNION : MC KINLEY, 1897- 

e. The Bureau of Education. 
Reports. 

/. The Bureau of Ethnology. 
Reports. 
5. The Government and its departments. 

Shaler, II, ch. 10, 11, 14 ; Am. Constitutions, J. H. U., III. 

a. The Powers of Congress. 
Wilson, Congressional Government. 

h. The Powers of the President, — ^the veto. 
On the Presidents, see Mag., Feb., March, 1884, Harper, 

March, 1884; Unsuccessful Candidates, Mag., Nov., 

Dec, 1884. 

c. The Federal Judiciary. 

Supreme Court, Century, Dec, 1883; Atlantic, April, 
1886; New Eng. Mag., March, 1890 ; J. H. U., IX, 7- 
133 ; A Century of Const. Interpretation, Century, April, 
1889; on Marshall, Mag., July, 1884, Magruder's Mar- 
shall, (A. S.) ; on Jay, Pellew's Jay (A. S.). 

d. The Cabinet. 
Mag., May, 1890. 

e. The Army and Navy. 

Army, Harper, March, 1890 ; Century, Feb., 1895 ; West 
Point, Harper, July, 1887 ; Navy, Harper, June, Sept., 
Oct., 1886; Oct., 1895; Naval Academy, Harper, July, 
1888; Army and Navy, Forum, Oct., 1891. 

/. The Post-office. 

Mag., July, 1887. 

g. The revenue and its collection. 

U. The Pension bureau. 

%. The Patent office. 



176 REUNION : 

6. "We, the People". 

Nordhoff, Politics for Young Americans ; Dole, American 
Citizen ; Hopkins, Manual of American Ideas. 

a. Responsibility of the individual. 
h. Education for citizenship. 

c. Need of honest and statesmanlike legisla- 

tion. 

d. Elements of strength and of weakness. 

e. " Triumphant Democracy ", — its limita- 

tions. 

Search questions. — What is the present extent of our public 
lands ? What policy should be pursued in regard to these 
lands ? Should extensive schemes for irrigation be under- 
taken by the general government, by the States, or by indi- 
viduals ? Why is it proper for the government to improve 
rivers and harbors ? If I own a farm or a mill, why should 
not the government keep it in good condition ? Why should 
not the government lend me money when I need it ? When 
I have a silver dollar why should the government give me a 
gold dollar for it ? Why is the silver dollar to-day as good 
as a gold dollar for ordinary business purposes ? If 1 went 
to Europe with a gold dollar what would it be worth ? If I 
took a silver dollar what would it be worth ? Can government 
give value to a coin ? How can a paper dollar be as good as 
a gold dollar ? Do the rich or the poor suffer most from a 
depreciated currency ? 



REVIEWS 

Note. — It is a good plan to review by general topics, tracing the 
history throughout the whole period. It will be helpful to 
draw up a chart outlining fully the topic under discussion to 
get a comprehensive view. The following general topics 
are given to indicate the method. They may be multiplied 
indefinitely. A number of additional references are given. 

1. Territorial growth of the United States. 

Scribner's Statistical Atlas, Plate 12 (Original Grants), 
Plates 13-17 iTerritorial Growth) ; McMaster, With the 
Fathers, 281-312 ; ' ' Manifest Destiny " in Fiske's Amer- 
ican Political Ideas (first published in Harper, March, 
1885) ; Growth of the United States, Century, Oct., 1882. 

2. The slavery question. 

Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power ; Slavery in 
Connecticut, J. H. U.. XI, 377-454; in the Territories, 
Mag., Feb., March, 1892; also Mag., May, 1884, Jan., 
1886. 

3. The great parties and their principles. 

Political History in Scribner's Statistical Atlas, Plate 6 ; 
American Parties, Scribner. Jan. -March, 1895 ; Stan- 
wood, Presidential Elections ; Johnston, American Poli- 
tics. 

4. History of tariff legislation. 

Taussig, History of the tariff ; "Free Trade" and "Pro- 
tection " in Lalor's Cyclopadia ; Blaine-Gladstone Con- 
troversy. North American, Jan.- June, 1890. 



180 REVIEWS 

5. Financial history and the national debt. 

Bolles, Financial History of the United States ; Stevens's 
Gallatin (A. 8.) ; Lodge's Hamilton (A. S.) ; Moneys of 
Lincoln's Administration, Harper, Oct., 1890, 

6. Inventions and discoveries. 

Harper's First Century of the Republic ; Curiosities of 
Invention, Mag., Oct., 1884; Rittenhouse, Harper, May, 
1882 ; Blanchard, Harper, July, 1881 ; Ericsson, Atlan- 
tic, July, 1862, Scribner, Feb., March, 1890 ; Mag., Jan., 
1891 ; Edison, Review of Reviews, July, 1893 ; Elec- 
tricity, Mag., Sept., 1891; Scribner, June-Nov., 1889; 
Steam Navigation, Mag., Sept., 1892. 

7. Internal improvements. 

8. Our Indian Policy. 

Review of Reviews, June, 1892 ; Walker, The Indian 
Question. 

9. Admission of the States. 

10. History of the Civil Service. 

11. Treaties. 

12. Commerce and shipbuilding. 

Search questions. — What Vice-Presidents afterward became 
Presidents ? What hindrance was the Hudson Bay Company 
to American colonization ? What bearing has the Monroe 
doctrine upon the Venezuela question ? Is further increase 
of our national territory desirable ? Where is the "centre of 
population " in the United States at present ? When does 
the United States Supreme Court meet? What recent 
advance has been made in Civil Service Reform ? What 
great principles in international law have the United States 
helped to establish ? Is universal suffrage a success ? What 
restrictions, if any, should be placed upon the suffrage ? 
What should be our policy in regard to immigration ? What 
special objection is there to Chinese immigrants ? 



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France. 

Who was Secretary of the Treas- 
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Salmon P. Chase. 

What republic applied for ad- 
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during Grant's administration? 
San Domingo. 



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School Bulletin Publications 



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binding and size give the pages in the Trade Sale catalogue on which the 
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Books starred may be had also in the Standard Teachers' Library, 
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binding, such volumes are always sent in cloth. 

A DAY of My Life, or Everyday Experiences at Eton. 22 C 16:184. ... SI 00 
Ackerman (Mrs. M. B.) Review Questions to accompany HendriclCs His- 
tory of the Empire State. 45 P 12:15 05 

Adams. Wall Map of the State of New York, 68x74 inches, 41 C 5 00 

Ahn (F.) Method of Learning tfie Dutch Language. 38 C 12:135 1 25 

Aids to School Discipline. Per box 47 1 25 

Supplied separately ; per 100 Merits, 15 cts. ; Half Merits, 15 cts. ; 
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Air Test Bottles. Per set of 3, in cloth case 1 00 

Alden (Joseph). First Principles of Political Economy. 43 C 16:153 75 

Alexandrow (P.) Metlwd of Learning Russian. 38 C 12:135 1 25 

Key 25 

Arabic Self -Taught. 38 C 12:104 1 25 

* Arnold (Thomas). Stanley's Life of, J, S. Carlisle. 15, 17 C 16:252. ... 1 00 

Ascham (Roger). Sketch of, by K. H. Quick. 17 P 16:55 15 

* Biography, by Samuel Johnson. 15. 17 C 16:252 1 00 

Complete Works. 17 C 16:, 321, 273, 376, 374 4 vols 5 00 

BALL, (J. W.) 1000 Questions-and-Anstvers in Drawing. 41, 46 L 16:67. 40 

Instruction in Citizenship. L 12:63 40 

Barbera (Piero). Educational Publications in Italy. 17, 37 P 8:14 15 

Bardeen (C. R.) Infection a?id Lninunity. P 8:20 25 

(C. W.) * Manual of School Law. 43 C 16:276 1 00 

Geography of tlie Empire State. 40, 43 C 8:120 75 

* Roderick Hume. The Story of a New York Teacher. 15, 22 C 16:295 1 25 

The Little Old Man, or the School for Illiberal Mothers. 15 C 16:31 .. . 50 

Verbal Pitfalls. A manual of 1500 misused words. 26, 37 C 16:223. . 75 

The Tax-Payer and the Township System. 25 P 8:20 25 

Teaching cts a Business for Men. 25 P 8:20 25 

The Teacher's Commercial Value. 25 P 8:20 25 

The Teacher as He Should Be. 25 P 8:24 25 

Effect of tlie College- Preparatory High School. 24 P 8:5 15 

History of Educational Journalism in New York. 17, 25, 43 P 8:45. . . 40 

The Song Budget. 29Psmall4:76 15 

The Song Century. 29 P small 4:87 15 

The Song Patriot. 29 P small 4:80 15 

The Song Budget Series Combined. 29 C 4:250 50 



Barnard (Henry), American Journal of Education. Vols. I-V, \T:iI, 

IX, XVI, XVII, XXIII, XXIX. Each, Half-turkey, 8: about 800. . .$5 50 

Letters., Essays, Thoughts on Studies and Conduct. C 8:552 3 50 

Kindergarten and Child Culture Papers, etc. C 8:784 3 50 

American Pedagogy. C 8:510 3 50 

Militanj Systems of Education. C 8:960 5 50 

r;ieJ5'(Z'/ia6o?-5o/, by Will S.Monroe. 23 L 16:35 50 

(H.) Oral Training Lessons. 29 C 12:136 75 

Basedow (J. E.) Sketchofhj'R.ll. q^mck. 17 P 16:18 15 

Bassett (J. A.) Latitude, Longitude and Time. 30, 33, 40 M 16:42 25 

Bates (S. P.) Methods of Teachers' Institutes. 28 C 12:76 60 

Batsdorf (J. B.) The Management of Country Schools. 25, 37 P 8:33. . . . 20 

Beebe (Levi N.) First Ste2)s among Figures. 30, 31 C 16:326 1 00 

Pupil's Edition. C 16:140 45 

Beesau (Amable). The Spirit of Education. C 16:325, and Portrait 1 25 

Bell (Andrew). An Old Educational Reformer. 17 C 16:182 1 00 

Bennett (C. W.) National Education in Europe. 25 P 8:28 15 

— - History of the Philosophy of Pedagogics. 17, 21 L 16:43 50 

Binner (Paul). Old Stories Peloid. 34 B 16:64 25 

Blakely (W. A.) Chart of Parliamentary Rules. 37 P 16:4 25 

Bradford (W. H.) Thirty Possible Problems in Percentage. 30 M 16:34. 25 

Briggs (F. H.) Boys and Hoiv to Re-Make them. 25 P 8:24 25 

Industrial Training in Reformatory Institutions. 25 P 8:24 25 

Bristol (H. C.) Honesty Cards in Arithmetic. 28, 30 50 cards, 3x4J^. . . 50 

Browne (M. Frances). A Glimpse of Ch^ammar-Land. 34 P 8:24 15 

* Buckham (Henry B.) Handbook for Young Teachers. 15, 23, 27 C 

16:152 75 

Buffalo Examination Questions. 46 L 16:110. 1st Year : 2d and 3d 

Years, each 50 

Bugbee (A. G.) Exercises in English Syntax. 36 L 16:85 35 

Key to the same. L 16 :36 35 

Bulletin Spelling Pads, 70 pages. Each 15 

Book-Keeping Blanks. Press-board, 7x8J^, pp. 28. Each — 15 

Composition Book. M 8:44 15 

Class Register. Press-board cover. Three Sizes, (a) 6x7, for terms 

of twenty weeks ; or (6) 5x7, for terms of fourteen weeks. 47 

Pp.48 25 

(c) Like (6) but with one-half more (72) pages 35 

Pencil Holder, numbered for 60 pupils. 48 2 00 

Ink- Well Filler, holding one quart. 48 1 25 

Nuviber Fan. 30, 11x15 inches 1 00 

Burnham (W. P.) Duties of Outposts U. S. Army. 33 24:171 50 

Burritt (J. L.) Penmanship in Public Schools. P 12:62, and chart 60 

Butler (Nicholas Murray). The Place of Comenius. 18, 24 P 16:20 15 

CABANO (Lopes de). Method of Learning Portugese. 38 C 12:175 1 25 

Key 25 

Caessir' 8 Conspiracy of the Helvetians. 45 P 16:20 10 

Canfield James H.) Rural Higher Education. 24, 25 P 8;24 15 

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* Carlisle (J. S.) Two Great Teachers, Ascham and Arnold. 15, 17 C 

16::252 $1 00 

Catalog:ue of Rare hooks on Pedagogy. P 24:58 06 

of School Bulletin Publications. P 16:100 06 

Cheney(F.) A Globe Manual for Schools. 40 P 16:95 25 

Civil Service Question Book. 46 C 16 :282 1 50 

Clark (Noah T. ) Chart of U. S. History. 42 P 83^x12. Each 6c. ; per doz. 50 

Code of Public Instruction, New York, 1888. 43 L 8:1075, net 2 50 

Colored Crayon, for Blackboard, per box of one dozen, nine colors. . . 25 

Collins (Henry.) The International Date Line. 30, 33, 40 P 16:15 15 

Comenius (John Amos). OrUs Pictus. 18 C 8:232 3 00 

* Life and Educational Works, by S. S. Laurie. 15, 17, 18 C 16:272.. . . 1 00 

Sketch of, hyU. H. Quick. 17 P 16:25 15 

Portrait of, P 22x28 1 00 

Comfort (Georgre F. ) Modern La7iguages in Education. 25 P 16:40 25 

Constitution of the State of New York. P 16:63 10 

Cooper (Oscar E.) Compulsory Laws and tluir Enforcement. 24 P 8:6.. 15 

Craig (A. R.) The Philosophy of Training. C 12:377 2 00 

Crain (J. H.) 70 Review Lessons in Geography. 40 P 16:60 25 

Cube Root Blocks, carried to 3 places. 30 1 00 

Cyclopaedia of Education. 14 C 8:562 3 75 

DANIELS (Blanche E.) Outlines of English Literature. 38, 45 C 12:102. 50 

Danish and Norwegian Conversation Book. 38 C 24:128 75 

Davis (W. W.) Suggestions for Teaching Fractions. 30 P 16:43 25 

Fractional Apparatus, in box. 30 (Not mailable) 4 00 

De Graff (E. V.) Practical Phonics. 37 C 16:108 75 

Pocket Pronunciation Book. 37 M 16 :47 15 

* The School-Room Guide. 15, 23, 27, 28 C 16:396 1 50 

Development Lessons. C 8:301 1 50 

The School-Room Chorus. 29 B 4:147 35 

Calisthenics and Disciiilinary Exercises. 33 M 16:39 25 

♦De Guimps (Eoger). Pestalozzi, his Aim. and Work. 15, 17, 19 C 12:331.. 1 50 

Denominational Schools. Discussion of 1889. 24 P 8:71 25 

Dickinson (John W.) The Limits of Oral Teaching. 24, 27, 29 P 16:24.. 15 

Diehl (Anna Randall-). A Practical Delsarte Primer. 33,34 16:66.... 50 
Diplomas, printed to order from any design furnished. Specimens sent. 

41 (a) Bond paper, 14x17, for 25 or fewer 5 00 

50 6 50 

(6) '' *' 16x20," 25orfewer 5 50 

" " 50 7 25 

(c) Parchment, 15x20, " 1 3 50 

Each additional copy 75 

Donaldson (James). Lectures on Education. 17 C 16:185 100 

Dudevant(A.) French and English Commercial Correspondence. 39 C 

12:107 50 

Durham (W. H.) Carleton Island in the Revolution. 15 C 16:128 1 00 

EDUCATION as Viewed by Thinkers. 21, 24 P 16:47 15 

*Intellectual, Moral, and Physical, YLevhert^^encev. 15,21 C 16:331. 1 00 

for the People, in America, Europe, India, and Australia. 32 C 8:176. 1 25 

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Edwards (A. M.) Graded Lessons in Language. Nos. 1-6. 36P8:8S, 

each per dozen $1 00 

500 Every Day Business Problems in Arithmetic. 500 cards, 1^x33^, 

with A'e2/,28,30 50 

500 Pertinent Questions in Civics, with Answers. 28, 43 P 16:54 15 

Tlie same, with Questions on 250 slips of cardboard, in box. 28, 43. 50 

Historical Game, " Our Country ". 100 cards, 2^x3%. 28, 42 50 

Historical Cards. SH^^H- 28, 42 

(a) General History. 200 cards 1 00 

ib) United States History, Part L 92cards 50 

(c) United States History, Part II. 108 cards 50 

((/) United States History, Complete. 200 cards 1 00 

Outline and Topic Book in U. S. History. P 8 :212 50 

Geographical Game, " Our Country ". 100 cards, 2^A^S%. 28, 42. . . . 50 

Geographical Cards. S}4^b^. 28, 40 

(a) Part I. Physical Geography and North America. 100 cards 50 

{b)PartII. The Rest of the World. lOOcards 50 

(c) Complete. 200 cards 1 00 

Emerson (A. W.) Composition and Criticism. 36 L 16:82 40 

(H. P.) Latin in High Schools. 25 P 8:9 25 

Essays on the Kindergarten. 19,27 C 12:175 1 00 

FAKNHAM (Geo. L.) The Sentence Method of Reading. 34 C 16:55. ... 50 

Fitch (Joshua G.) The Art of Questioning. 20, 24, 26 P 16:36 15 

The Art of Securing Atte?ition. 20, 24, 26 P 16:43 15 

Lectures on Teaching, Reading Club Edition. 21 C 12:436 1 25 

Foreign Languages. See pp. 38, 39 

Fovvle ( Wm. B .) The Teachers' histitute. 28 C 12:238 1 00 

Franck (F.) The German Letter-Writer, with the Forms of Polite Cor- 
respondence, and English Explanatory Notes. 39 P 16:112 40 

* Franklin (Benj.) Autobiography. 15 C 16:241 1 00 

Froebel (Friedrick). Autobiography of. 17, 19 C 12:183 1 50 

OAINES (J. T.) Principles of Teaching. 21, 25 P 8:63 20 

<jeoinetry Test Papers, by Wra. Smith. Packages of 100, 834x10. 32. . . 1 00 

Oeddes (Patrick). Industrial Exhibitions. P 16:57 25 

iierman Self -Taught. 39 P 16:87 40 

<iiIl(John). School Management. 27 16:276 100 

Godard (Harlow). An Outline Study of U. S. History. 42 L 16:146 50 

<ioethe (J. F. von). Egmont, with English Notes. 39 C 10:140 40 

Oore (J. Howard). Manual of Parliamentary Practice. 37 C 16:112 50 

Goulding (Matilda P.) Flores : A Botanical Game. 28 cards, 2%x3i4. 42. 50 

Granger (Oscar). Metric Tables and Problems. 30 M 16:23 25 

Grant (James). History of the Burgh Schools of Scotland. 17, 22 C 8:591. 3 00 

Grasby (W. Catton). Teaching in Three Continents. 22 C 12:344 1 50 

Gray (Thos. J.) Methods and Courses in Normal Schools. 24 P 8:19 15 

Griffin (Ida L.) Topical Geography, with Methods. 40 L 12:142 50 

Griffith (Geo,) Oviline Blackboard Maps. 40. Per set 8 00 

HAHN (F.) Tlbe Child's German Book. 39 1' 16:87 40 



Hailmann (W. K) Primary Kindergarten Helps. 19, 27 B 8:58 $ 75 

The New Education. Vol. VI and last. 19 C 8:146 2 00 

Sketches from the Histmnj of Education. 17, 25 P 8 :39 20 

Hall ( Marcella \V.) Orthoepy Made Easy. 37 C 16:100 75 

Hamilton Declamation Quarterly. Vol. I. (all published). 35 C 

16:337 1 00 

Harlow (W. B.) Early English Literature. 38 16:138 75 

Harris (W. T.) Natural Science in the Public Schools. 29, 33 L 16:60. ... 50 

Ho7'ace Mann. V 16:50 15 

The Theory of Education. 21, 24 P 16:54 15 

The Educational Value of Manual Training. 24, 26 P 8:14 15 

Art Education The True Industrial Education. 24, 26 P 8:9 15 

University and School Extension. 24 P 8:12 15 

The General Government and Public Education. 24 P 8:8 15 

Report on Pedagogical and Psychological Observation. 20, 24 P 8:6. . . 15 

Heermans (Forbes). Stories of the Far West. C 16:260 1 25 

*Helps to Self-Culture. 15 16:241 1 00 

Hendrick (Mary F.) questions in Literature. 38 B 16:100 35 

(W) '' The Table is Set."" A Comedy for Schools. 34, 16:30 15 

School Histm^y of the Empire State. 43, 45 12:201 75 

Hennig (Oarl V.) Anatomical Manikin. 33 M 8:18 1 00 

Hinckley (Mary P.) Longfellow Exercise for 50 Pupils P8:12 10 

Hinsdale (B. A.) Pedagogical Chairs in Colleges 24 P 8:11 24 

"^ Schools and Studies. 15,21012:362 1 50 

Hoose (James H.) Studies in Articulation. 37 16:70 50 

* On the Province of Methods of Teaching 15, 28 16:376 1 00 

Pestalozzian First- Year Arithmetic. 19, 30. 31 B 16:217 50 

Pupils' Edition. B 16:156 35 

Second Year Arithmetic. B 16 :236. 50 

Hornstone Slating, the best crayon surface made. 48, per gallon — 8 00 

Slated Paper, per square yard (if by mail, 60 cts.) 48 50 

Hoss(Geo.H.) Memory Gems. 34, 38 P 16:40 15 

Hotchkiss (Viala P.) Lessons in Object Drawing. ,41 L 4:82 50 

Hughes (James L.) Mistakes in Teaching. 26, 27 16:135 50 

Hoiv to Secure and Retain Attention. 20, 26 16:98 50 

Huntington (Rt. Eev. F. D.) Unconscious Tuition. 24 P 16:45 15 

Hutton (H. H.) A Manual of Mensuration. 30, 32 B 16:168 50 

ITALIAN and English Correspondence. 38 P 12:90 50 

JACKSON (E. P. Class Record Cards. 47 90 white and 10 colored 

cards 50 

Jacotot (Joseph). Sketch of, by R. H. Quick. 17 P 16:28 15 

Jewell (F. S. ) Grammatical Diagrams. 36 12:207 75 

Johnson's G hart of Astronomy . On enamelled cloth, 40x46 inches. . . . 3 50 
Juliand (Anna M.) Brief Views of U. S. History. 42 L 16:69 35 

KAKOL.Y (Akin). T/ie Dilemmas of Labor and Education. 12:77.. . 1 00 

Kay (David) . Education and Educators. 21 12:490 2 00 

KeUer(c.) Monthly Report Cards. 47 2^x4 inches. Per hundred 21.. 1 00 

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Kennedy (John). The Philosophy of School Discipline. 24 P 1G:23 $ 15 

Must Greek Gof 25 L 16:66 50 

Kiddle (Henry) 3,000 Grammar Questions, with Answers 36 C 16:220. ... 1 00 

Kindergarten Essays. 19, 27 C 12:175 1 00 

Knott (E. E.) The Beady Reference Law Mamial. 43 C 8:381 2 00 

LANE (Fred N.) Elementary Greek Education. 17 L 16:85 50 

* Laurie (S. S.) John Amos Comenius 15, 17, 18 C 16:272 1 00 

Lawrence (E. C.) Recreations in A)icient Fields. C 12:177 1 00 

Lees (James T.) T he Claims of Greek. 25 P 8:16 25 

Locke (John). Sketchofhj H. B.. Quick. 17 P 16:27 15 

Lowrie (R. W.) How to obtain Greatest Benefit from a Book. 38 P 8:12. . 25 

M.'Cl]JuL.Y'S Perforated Erasers. 48. Per doz 100 

*Mace(\V. H.) A Working Manual of American History. 15,42 016:297 1 00 

McCosh (James). Essays on the Higher Education. 25 C 8:120 75 

3IcKay (John S.) 100 Experiments in Natural Science. 33 P 16:50 15 

* Mann (Horace). Thoughts for a Toung Man. 15 C 16:241 •. . . . . 1 00 

Sketchof by W. T. Harris. 16:50 15 

Maps for the Wall. See page 41. 

Maps, Relief Maps. Switzerland. 40, 41 11x173^, $3.50; 2.3x34, $10.00. 

Palestine 22x35 10 00 

Griffith's Outline Blackboard Maps. 40 Per set 8 00 

Dissected Maps. United States sawn into States. .* 75 

The Same., New York State Sawn into Counties 75 

Onondaga County. Cloth, 4x43^ feet. 41 10 00 

Neiv York State. Cloth, 61x76 inches. 41 5 00 

Outline Maps (6x9) of Neiv York, 40, 43. Per pad of 50 15 

Marble (A. P.) Powers of School Officers. 25, 43 P 16:27 $ 15 

Marchetti (G.) Method of Learning Italian. 39 C 12:218 1 20 

Key 24 25 

Marenholtz-Buelow (Baroness) School Work-shop. 24, 26 P 16:27 15 

Child and Child Nature. Froebel's Ed '1 Theories. 19,20,27 012:207. 1 50 

Maudsley (H.) Sex in Mind and Education. 20, 24 P 16:42 15 

Maxwell (W. H.) Examinations as Tests for Promotion. 24 P 8:11 15 

The Text-Books of Comenius, with cuts from the Orbis Pictus. 

18 8:24 25 

Meese (John D.) Facts in Literature. 38 P 16:38 15 

Meiklejohn (J. M. D.) The Neiv Education . 19, 24, 26 P 16:35 15 

An Old Educational Reformer. (Dr. Andrew Bell.) 17 C 16:182 1 00 

Bleissner (M.) Method of Learning German. 38, 39 C 12:238 1 25 

Michael (O. S.) Algebra for Beginners. 32 C 16:120 75 

Mill (John Stuart) Inaugural Address at St. Andreivs. 21, 25 P 8:31. . . 25 

Miller (Warner). Education as a Dejft of Government. 25 P 8:12 15 

Mills (C. D. B.) The Tree of Mythology. C 8:281 3 00 

Milne (James M.) Teachers' Institutes, Past and Present 17 P 8:22 25 

Milton (John). A Small Tractate of Education 21, 24 P 16:26 15 

Sketch of by R. H. Quick. 17 P 16:55 15 

M.\nixte& of the International Congress of Education, 1889. 14 C 12:4 vols. 5 00 

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Missouri, Civil Government of, Northam. 43 C 16:151 $ 75 

Monroe (Will S.) Labors of Henry Jiarnard. 17, L 16:35 50 

Morey (Amelia). Outline of Work in Elementary Language. 36 C 16:139. 50 
Mottoes for the School Room. 7x14. 47, Per set 100 

NEW YORK question Book., with all the Questions of the Uniform, 
State, Cornell, Scholarship, and Normal Entrance Examinations, 
to March 31, 1890, with Answers. 43, 44, 46. 8:461. P Sl.OO ; C. . . . 2 00 

The same., Supplement No. 1, to June, 1891. M 8:63 25 

TAe same. Supplement No. 2, to June, 1892. M8:139 25 

The same^ Supplements Nos. 1 and 2, in one volume. C 8:202 1 00 

* The same. Uniform only. Supplement No. 5, 1891-5. 16:203 1 00 

* TAe same, Supplement No. 6, 1895-6. 16:212 1 00 

* The same. Questions in Drawing : Aug., 1892, to Aug., 1896. 16:221. 1 00 

T^Ae same, Questions in Arithmetic. P 16:54 25 

The same.. Questions in Algebra, Book-keeping, Physics. P 16:56.. 25 

The same. Questions in Am. History, Civil Gov't, and School Law, 

P 16:112 25 

The same. Questions in Methods and School Economy. M 16:48 25 

TAe sa»ie. Questions in Geography. M 16:44 25 

The same. Questions in Physiology. M 16:48 25 

* State Examination Questions to 1894. 15, 46 C 16:403 1 00 

T/ie same, for 1895. P 16:27 10 

The same, for 1896. P 16:39 10 

The Questions in Book-keeping, with Ansivers. 46 P 16:31 10 

Civil Government of the State of, Northam. 43 C 16:231 75 

■ Code of Public Instruction. Latest edition. 43 L 8:1075 2 50 

■ History of the Empire State, Hendrick. 43, 45 C 12:303 75 

Natural History, and Cabinet Reports. Write for information. 

Northam (Henry C.) Civil Government! 43 C 16:231 75 

■ The same for Missouri. 43 C 16:151 75 

Fixing the Facts of American History. 43 C 16:300 75 

Conversational Lessons Leading to Geography. P 16:39 25 

Northend (Chas.) Memory Selections. Tliree Series. 34,38. Each 25 

* The Teacher and Parent. 15 C 16:350 1 00 

Northrop (B. G.) High Schools. 35 P 8:26 25 

Northrup (A. J.) Camps and Tramps in the Adirondacks. 15 C 16:302. 1 25 
Number I^essons. On card-board, 7x11, after the Grube Method 10 

OSWALD (John). Dictionary of English Etymology. 36 C 16:806 2 00 

* PAGE (David P.) The Tlieary aud Practice of Teaching. 15, 23, 27, 28 

C 16:448 1 00 

Pardon (Emma L.) OraJ. Instruction in Geography. 40 P 16:29 15 

Parsons (James Russell, Jr.) Prussian Schools. 22 C 8:91 1 00 

French Schools through American Eyes. 22 C 8:130 1 00 

* Patrick (J. N.) Elements of Pedagogics. 15, 21 C 16:224 1 00 

Pedagogical Pebbles. 16:96 50 

Pattee (F. L.) Literature in Public Schools. 38 P 8:48 20 

Payne (Joseph). Lectures on the Art of Education. 21 C 16:281 1 00 

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Payne (W. H.) A Short History of Education. 17 C 16:105 $ 50 

Pedagogical Primers. Each 25 

1. School Management. :37 M 1645. 2. Letter- Writing. M 16:37. 

Perez (B.) The First Three Years of Childhood. 19, 20, 27 C 16:295 1 50 

Tiede?nann's Record of Infant Life. 20, 24 M 16:46 15 

Periodicals. The School Bulletin. 13 Monthly, 16 pp., 10x14. Per year. 1 00 

Bound Vols. I-XXII. C200pp., each 2 00 

The Hamilton Declamation Quarterly. Bound volume I. 35 C 16:337. 1 00 

The School Boom. Bound volumes I-V. Each 1 50 

The New Education. Bound volume VI. 19 C 8:146 2 00 

* Pestalozzi (J. H.) His Aim and Work, De Guimps. 15, 17, 19 C 16:296. 1 50 

Sketch of, by R. H. Quick. 17, 19 P 16:40 15 

How Gertrude Teaches her Children. 19 C 12:320 1 50 

Pestalozzian Arithmetics. 19, 30, 31 B 1st Year, pp. 217. 2d Year, 

16 :236. Each 50 

Lessons on Number and Form, by C. Reiner. 19, 44, 45 C 16:439 3 00 

Pick (Dr. E.) Dr. Pick's French Method. 39 L 16:118 1 00 

Memory, and the Rational Means of Improving it. 20, 39 C 16:193 1 00 

Pitcher (James) . Outlines of Surveying and Navigation. C 16:121, 50 

Plumb (Chas. G.) Majy Drawing of New York. M 8:16 2& 

Pooler (Chas. T.) Chart of Civil Government. 43 P, 12x18, per hun 5 00 

Hitits on Teaching Orthoepy. 37 P 16:15 10 

Preece (Mrs. Louise). Physical Culture. Illustrated. 33 C 4:292 2 00 

Prentice (Mrs. J. B.) Review Problems in Arithmetic. 30, 45, 46 P 16:93. 20 

Key to the above. P 16:20 25 

Review Questions in Geography. 40, 45 P 16:48 < 15 

Primers of School Management and of Letter-Writing. Vlft M pp. 45, 37. 

Each 25 

* QUICK (R. H.) Essays on Educational Reformers. 17 C 12:331 1 00 

RED WAY (J. W.) School Geography of Pennsylvania. 40 L 16:98 35 

Regents' Examination Paper. 45. Per 1,000 half-sheets in box 3 00 

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Fourth Year Latin. Ccesar''s Conspiracy. 45 P 16:20 10 

Selections in American, German, and French Literature. 38, 39, 45 

L 16:56. 25 cents. With music, 35 cts. Each separate, P 10 

Examination Record. 45. For 432 scholars, $3.00 ; 864 scholars. 6 00 

Examination Syllabus, in U. S. History. 45. P per dozen 50 

Questions to June, 1882. {No later are pnnted.) Eleven editions. 

1. Complete with Key. 44,45,47 16:476 2 00 

2. Complete. Same as above, but without the answers. Pp. 333... 1 00 
^. Arithmetic. The 1,293 questions in Arithmetic. 30 M 16:93 25 

4. Key to Arithmetic. Answers to the above. M 16:20 25 

5. Geography. The 1,987 questions in Geography. M 16:70 25 

6. Key to Geography. Answers to the above. M 16:36 25 

7. Grammar. The 2,976 questions in Grammar. M 16:109 25 

8. Grammar and Key. 36 C 16:198 1 00 

9. Key to Grammar. M 16:88 25 

10. Spelling. The 4,800 words given in Spelling. M 16:61 25 

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* Rein (W.) Outlines of Pedagogics. 15, 21 C 16:232 $1 25 

Reiner (C.) Lessons on Number and Form as taught in a Pestalozzia 

School at Cheam, Surrey. 19, 44, 45 C 16:439, 3 00 

Reinhart(A.) Neglect of Bodily Developement of American Youth. P8:15. 25 

Richartlson (B. W.) Learning and Health. 24 P 16:39 15 

Robinson (A. H.) Numeral School Register. M 2:16 25 

Rovisseau (J. J.) Sketch of hy R. B.. Q,mck. 17 P 16:30 15 

Rooper (T. G.) AppercejMon, or " A Pot of Oreen Feathers ". 20, 25 L 

16:59 , 50 

Object Teaching, or Words and Things. 19, 41 L 16:56 50 

Russian Conversation Book. 38 24:130 75 

Ryan (G. W.) School Record. All P. 56 blanks on each of 14 sheets — 50 

SARIN (Henry). " Organization " vs. Individuality. 24 P 8:9 25 

Salvo (D.) Method of Learning Spanish. 39 C 12:316 1 20 

Key. P 12:33 25 

Spanish and English Idiomatic Phrases. 39 C 24:160 75 

Spanish and English Commercial Correspondence. 39 P 12 : 109 50 

Sanford(H. R.) The Word Method in Number. 30,32. 6x3, 45 cards. 50 

The Limited Speller. L 16:104 25 

Sayce (A. H.) An Assyrian Grammar. 38 C 12:204 3 00 

Scliepnioes(A. E.) Rise of tlie Ne^v York School System. L 16:32 35 

SchiUer (J. C. F. von). Marie Stuart. 39 B 16; 163 40 

Die Jungfrau von Orleans. 39 B 16 : 157 40 

Wilhelm Tell. 39B16:165 40 

Der Neffe als Onkel. 39 B 16:72 40 

School Room Classics. 24 P 16:40, each ,. . 15 

IX. Maudsley's Sex in Mind and in 

Education. 
X. Education as Viewed by Think- 
ers. 

XI. Harris's Horace Mann. 

XII. Dickinson's Oral Teaching. 

XIII. Tiedemann's Record of Infant 
Life. 

XIV. Butler's Place of Comenius in 
Education. 

XV. Harris's Theory of Education. 

Schreber (D. G. R.) Home Exercise for Health and Cure. 33 C 16:91 50 

Seiderstruck (J. H. P.) Easy methods of Learning Latin. 38 C 12:144. 1 25 

Sha,w's Scholar's Register. 47 P 12:16. Per doz 50 

Sheely (Aaron). Anecdotes and Humors of School Life. C 12:350 1 50 

Sherrill (J. E.) The Normal Question Book. C 12:405 1 50 

Sherrifl (Emily) The Kindergarten System. 19, 27 C 12:200 1 00 

Skinner (Chas. E.) The Arbor Dag Manual. 34 C 8:475 2 50 

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I. Huntington's Unconscious Tui- 
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TI. Fitch's Art of Questioning. 

III. Kennedy's Philosophy of Schml 

Discipline, 

IV. Fitch's Art of Securing Atten- 

tion. 
Y. Richardson's Learning and 

Health. 
VI. Meiklejohn's New Education. 
VII. Milton's Tractate of Education. 
VIII. Von Buelow's School Woi'k- 
shop. 



Song Budget, The. 234th Thousand. 29 P s 4:76 % 15 

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33 



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* Spencer (Herbert). Education. 15,21,0 16:331 100 

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Stone (Isaac). The Teacher's Examiner 12:214 7i 

StoweU (T. B.) Syllabus of Lectures on Physiology. 33 B 8:133 1 OH 

Straight (H. H.) Aspects of Industrial Education. 25, 26 P 8:12 15 

Swett (John). Manual of Elocution. 34 C 12:300 1 50 



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(10) 



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Methods in Common BrancMs. 27 C 16:197 75 

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YAWGEK (Rose N.) How to Celebrate Arbor Day. P 16:14 15 

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